Annals of Human and Social Sciences

The Dynamics of Color: Trauma, Violence, and the Aesthetics of Suffering in Han Kang’s The White Book

Hafiz Kamran Farooqi — 2025-04-07

This paper examines trauma, violence, and the aesthetics of suffering in The White Book by Han Kang, focusing on the complexities of personal and historical trauma within South Korean culture. It explores the symbolic use of white imagery – objects and photographs – as representations of socio-political and psychological themes. Using a qualitative approach and Judith Herman’s trauma recovery framework, the study investigates the novel’s meditative and fragmented narrative, analyzing how metaphors, symbolism, and imagery articulate both individual and collective trauma. The narrator's journey reflects the transformation of trauma, revealing how trauma impacts identity and memory across generations. White serves as a powerful metaphor for both mourning and renewal, signifying loss while also suggesting healing. The paper argues that literature, particularly South Korean fiction, can facilitate trauma recovery by restoring confidence, rebuilding trust, and fostering societal reconnection. It concludes by encouraging further interdisciplinary inquiry into trauma, memory, and identity in literature, particularly within the context of Korean cultural and historical narratives.

Body Dysmorphism and Sleep Quality among PCOS Patients: Assessing the Predictive Role of Alyxthymia

Shagufta Perveen — 2025-04-11

PCOS is linked with psychosomatic issues such as apprehension, alexithymia, poor body image, and sleep problems. The current study mainly aims to examine the predictive role of alexithymia in the relationship between body dysmorphism and sleep quality and to explore the demographic differences in the study variables. The study was carried out on purposefully selected (N=300)PCOS patients from different hospitals and clinics. Along with a demographic sheet, the patients completed three instruments: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Appearance Anxiety Inventory, and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire. Results suggested that alexithymia significantly predicted the association between quality of sleep and body dysmorphism traits and body dysmorphism is significantly positively associated with alexithymia whereas inversely associated with quality of sleep. Marital and fertility-based differences were also proved. Study results will be helpful for professionals in resolving PCOS-related psychological issues. Future research should be based on a larger sample and longitudinal study design.

The Collapse of Meaning in McCarthy’s The Road: A Post-Modern Critique

Javeria Saleem — 2025-04-12

This study analyzes Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2022) from the Postmodernist-Marxist theoretical framework of Fredric Jameson, which he cited in his book Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991), and aims to uncover how the characters, dialogues, and incidents reflect meaninglessness, fragmentation, and superficiality. Moreover, this study critically examines how capitalism shapes the economic world and prophesizes how it could lead humans to self-destruction. The Road (2022) is a narrative about two characters, ‘the boy’ and ‘the man,’ trying to construct the meaning of their identities and surroundings while trying to survive in a post-apocalyptic world. This post-modern critique traces these phenomena in the narrative through close reading and thematic analysis. The present study concludes that the erosion of meaning and identity foreshadows the disastrous effects of late capitalism and suggests that readers reflect on their cultural and environmental practices in a deeper insight and consider the hazardous effects of late capitalism.

Investigating the Role of Positive Parenting in Mitigating Adolescent Disruptive Behaviors in Religious Education

Yusrah Khan — 2025-04-15

This research aims to investigate the impact of various forms of religious education on adolescents' perceived parenting styles and disruptive behavior. A quantitative research design employing a comparative correlational approach was utilized to collect data from adolescents (N = 300) with the age range of 12-18 years. Convenient purposive sampling technique was employed to gather data from those participants who are exposed to any form of religious education, to explore their parental perceptions and behavioral tendencies. The findings of this research give light to different parenting dimensions that have an effect on the adolescent’s disruptive behavior & facilitate the field of Psychology by giving a new perspective towards religion and religious education along with their association with parenting and maladaptive behavior. Future studies can work on collecting samples from different cities and people of different backgrounds to strengthen the analysis

First World War and a Vision of Global Chaos and Decay: An Analysis of D. H. Lawrence’s Post-War Novels

Abdul Shakoor — 2025-04-18

The present research aims to explore a vision of global chaos and decay in Lawrence’s post-war novels. A careful comparison of Lawrence’s early and later novels shows that his pre-war novels reflect his zest for life and blissful blindness to bitter social realities. However, the outbreak of the Great War (1914-18) made him realize inherent death wish and suicidal instincts in European culture and this bitter realization of modern anti-life filled him with disgust for the European culture which is reflected in his post-war novels. The present research has adopted a qualitative method for the collection and analysis of the relevant data. The analysis proves that there is a marked difference between Lawrence’s pre-war and post-war novels. Later novels are full of imagery associated with decay, death, impotency and rottenness representing modern anti life. Future researchers can carry out other such research projects to explore the impact of war on various literary texts.

Microteaching in Pakistan: Exploring Challenges, Benefits and Recommendations through the Lenses of Microteaching Supervisors

Muhammad Abid Malik — 2025-04-20

The focus of this study was to explore the challenges and benefits of microteaching through the lenses of microteaching supervisors, and to give recommendations for its improvement. This qualitative study gathered data from eight microteaching supervisors at one public sector university in Pakistan using semi-structured interviews. The main issues reported by the participants were time management, improper lesson planning, and a lack of proper training and protocols for microteaching; while deepening prospective teachers’ understanding, improving their behaviors, developing specific skills, getting immediate feedback, and learning from others were its key benefits. The study recommends incorporating microteaching into teaching practice, especially during its initial stages. It also suggests moving toward more technology-infused versions such as microteaching 2.0, developing lesson plans more carefully for microteaching, and providing specific training for the supervisors so that they can utilize it more effectively to prepare prospective teachers for their professional careers.

Examining Social Media Thumbnails and Posts: A Critical Analysis of Kite String Incidents and Road Safety in Pakistan

Adnan Ali Anwar — 2025-04-25

This study explores the semiotics and discourses surrounding kite flying accidents, focusing on the impact of YouTube thumbnails and AI-generated images on perceptions of safety and cultural significance. Kite flying poses hazards, particularly from kite strings in South Asia. Visual media often sensationalize these dangers, influencing public opinion and safety narratives. The study employs social-semiotic discourse analysis to examine various images and thumbnails, identifying key themes such as social responsibility, freedom, and danger. Findings indicate that sensationalized imagery and language can distort truth, leading to misinformation. This creates tension between the enjoyment of kite flying and safety concerns, highlighting media's role in shaping societal attitudes and regulatory demands. The study advocates for ethical media consumption that balances cultural heritage with safety, emphasizing the need for critical engagement with visual narratives to foster informed discussions and appropriate safety measures.

Relationship of Big Five Personality Traits in Self-Compassion among Young Adults

Syeda Fatima Sohail — 2025-04-27

The aim of the current study was to explore the role of big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) with self-compassion among young adults. Individuals need to identify their personality traits to find their purpose in life. It is well known that personality traits predict consequential outcomes. The cross-sectional research design was used in the current study. A proposed sample of 387 (both male and female) of age 18 to 25 belonging to general population of Islamabad and Rawalpindi was selected through purposive sampling. Big five personality (OCEAN) was used to measure the personality traits. Self-compassion scale will be used to measure the self-compassion. The interpretation of the current study findings was done through SPSS utilizing descriptive analysis and correlational analysis. Findings of the current study indicated that people who have positive personality traits like openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness is significantly positively correlated (p** < .01) with self-compassion and neuroticism is significantly negatively correlated (p** < .01) with self-compassion among young adults. The sample of the study is limited to only twin cities of Pakistan. So future researchers can replicate this study with a more diverse sample from different cities in Pakistan to obtain more generalizable results.

Learning to Break the Law: A Criminological Study of Parental Traffic Violations and its Influence on Children’s Behavior in Pakistan

Nisar Ahmed Lund Baloch — 2025-04-27

This study examines how parental traffic violations in school zones influence children’s future attitudes toward breaking traffic laws. Traffic violations near schools create physical risks for students and normalize illegal behavior. Theoretical frameworks used include Social Bond Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Rational Choice Theory. A mixed-method approach combined direct observations of school zone traffic behavior with structured surveys conducted across schools in Sindh Pakistan. Findings revealed widespread traffic violations by parents, particularly male drivers, including unlawful parking and speeding. Around 78% of surveyed students witnessed their parents violating traffic laws, which strongly correlated with children’s acceptance and imitation of such behavior. Weak police enforcement and peer influence were identified as major contributing factors. Stronger traffic law enforcement around schools, safety education programs for parents and students, and public awareness campaigns are crucial to breaking the cycle of learned illegal behavior and ensuring safer school environments.

Navigating Maritime Security In Indian Ocean: A Case Study Of Pakistan

Anoosh Shabbir — 2025-04-27

The smuggling, illegal fishing, and geopolitical tensions with their regional and extra regional powers. This study argues that Pakistan's maritime strategy, naval modernization, and cooperation with other international actors-from IORA to CMF-can help foster stability in considerations of maritime security. Also in consideration are discussions on the implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the development of Gwadar port for the regional maritime security paradigm. The qualitative methodology largely examines the effects that might be exerted on Pakistan's maritime security policy, strategic partnerships with others, and the considerations of balancing the national interests of Pakistan against the wider regional security concerns. Consequently, these findings enhance an understanding of patterns of governance in relation to Indian Ocean maritime security and offer policy recommendations for greater regional cooperation.

Historical and Diplomatic Relations of India with Saudia Arabia and Iran

Eman Youns — 2025-04-30

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the historical and diplomatic relations of India with Saudi Arabia and Iran. Using a qualitative research approach, the study examines key periods of engagement, cultural exchanges, economic partnerships, and political collaborations between India and these two significant Middle Eastern nations. The findings reveal that India’s relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran have been shaped by a combination of historical ties, shared economic interests, religious connections, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how past interactions continue to influence contemporary diplomacy and foreign policy strategies. It is recommended to restore and reinforce attaches with Saudi Arabia, Pakistan should put a serious need on fundamental obligation and can be achieved with the help of basic level visits, social trades, and joint drives that feature shared interests, especially in regions like counter-mental battling, exchange, and hypothesis.

The Phenomenon of Shift in Translation: A Corpus Based Descriptive Study of Spatial Deixis in Punjab Laws

Rabia Munir — 2025-04-30

This article aims to explore the Phenomenon of Translation Shift of Spatial Deictic Forms (S.D.F) in the Urdu translation of the Punjab Laws. For this purpose, J.C Ian Catford’s model of Translation Shift is used as a theoretical framework to analyze the shifts carried on by the translator in order to maintain the equivalence in between English and Urdu Punjab Laws. The entire Phenomenon of Shift in the translation is explored through the use of a Corpus-Based Descriptive approach. The impact of the approach to Translation Shift is observed in two-folds. On the first part, it is used to explore the Category, Unit and Intra System Shift in the Urdu Translation of Punjab Laws and on the other part; it replaced the positions of the (S.D.F). In its whole this impact of the change of positions is elaborated by means of the implication of the strategies of Addition and Modulation as being followed by the translator, while translating the (ST) deictic items into the (TT).

A Correlation between Teachers’ Attitude and Speaking Skills of the ESL Learners: A Study Conducted at BS Level in Rahim Yar Khan

Muhammad Muhsin Hameed — 2025-04-30

Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) presents significant challenges in Pakistan, particularly at the university level. ESL learners often struggle with speaking skills due to limited vocabulary, anxiety, fear of making mistakes, and inadequate teacher motivation. The attitudes of ESL teachers play a crucial role in shaping students' learning experiences and their ability to communicate effectively in English. This study aims to explore the correlation between teachers’ attitudes and the speaking proficiency of ESL learners at the BS level in Rahim Yar Khan. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving 250–300 BS-level ESL learners selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale and a speaking proficiency test assessing grammar, pronunciation, fluency, and vocabulary. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation, was conducted using SPSS software to determine the relationship between teacher attitudes and student speaking abilities. A significant correlation between teacher attitudes and students' speaking proficiency. Supportive and encouraging teacher behaviors positively influenced students’ confidence and fluency, whereas negative attitudes hindered language acquisition. The study concludes that fostering a positive and engaging classroom environment can enhance ESL learners' speaking skills. Recommendations include teacher training programs emphasizing motivational strategies and communicative teaching methods to improve language proficiency outcomes.

Global Importance Of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): An Analysisa

Muhammad Rehan Akram — 2025-05-05

The purpose of this article is to analyze the global importance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in terms of its economic, strategic, and geopolitical impactst . CPEC, a flagship project under China’s Belt and Road Initiative, connects western China to Pakistan’s Gwadar Port, offering a strategic alternative to the Malacca Strait and reinforcing China's global trade and energy security. The research is qualitative, relying on content analysis of secondary data, including academic publications, policy reports, and case studies. CPEC enhances Pakistan’s infrastructure, energy capacity, and regional connectivity while strengthening China’s access to international markets. It also reshapes regional geopolitics, drawing responses from global actors such as India and the United States. However, it faces environmental, security, and diplomatic challenges. To mitigate these issues, CPEC must adopt green development models, strengthen regional diplomacy, and enhance internal security cooperation for successful implementation.