Annals of Human and Social Sciences

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on HR Functions by the Mediation of Technological Factors

Muhammad Sufyan Ramish — 2024-10-12

Artificial intelligence is the fastest growing field among the different fields of the digital technology. Almost every sector is adopting the AI based applications to increase the efficiency of the respective sector. This study aims to examine the impact of the artificial intelligence on the HR functions by the mediation of the technological factors like technological awareness, social media influence and personal innovation. A quantitative based approach is used to address the issue in question. Both primary and secondary data were used. Secondary data was used for the theoretical model development while the primary data was used to confirm the hypothetical arguments. Primary data was gathered from HR managers of the different industries across the Pakistan. PLS-Smart was used for the analysis of the primary data. The findings of this study shows that artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the HR functions by the mediation of the different technological tools like technological awareness, social media influence and innovation. However this study was conducted via using a qualitative based approach further researchers are suggested to analyze the problem in qualitative methods to further dig out new insights.

Use of Computers and its Influence on Students Learning at University Level

Imran Liaqat — 2024-10-14

The study aims to explore the use of computers and its influence on students' learning in education at the university level. The use of computers improves curriculum delivery, student engagement, instructional strategies, and learning outcomes across a range of subject areas and grade levels. Student learning" describes how people acquire, assimilate, and apply their information, skills, attitudes, and competencies in educational environments. Research was quantitative in nature. The 350 students of Lahore Leads University selected by using a stratified Proportional random sampling technique. Data were gathered by using a self-developed instrument. There was a significant difference regarding the influence of the use of Computers on Students Learning at the university level among male and female university. Regarding the findings of the study Ministry of Education should provide digital infrastructure, such as computers, laptops, internet, smart boards, and TVs, to all basic schools, colleges, and universities.

Lexical Bundles and their Thematic Role in Moth Smoke: A Corpus-Driven Study

Muhammad Ansar Ejaz — 2024-10-14

This research study aims to examine how Mohsin Hamid conveys significant themes through his lexical choices and their strategic placement in the novel Moth Smoke. Utilizing AntConc to analyze the text's corpora, the researcher identifies key themes, including the moral downfall of society, corruption, and disloyalty, as reflected in the keywords, collocational patterns, and lexical bundles extracted from the analysis. The study interprets these findings using Mahlberg's (2013) model, revealing that specific lexical bundles; such as recurring phrases associated with deceit and societal decay; enhance the reader's understanding of the thematic concerns. This analysis underscores that Hamid’s deliberate lexical choices are instrumental in shaping the narrative's moral implications, illustrating how language intricately weaves the author’s thematic intentions.

Critical Analysis of Partiality of Judges and its Impact on Legal Landscape of Pakistan

Noman Ali Shah — 2024-10-18

Partiality of judges in Pakistan is a complex and persistent issue. Judiciary has been facing numerous challenges since the creation of Pakistan. Independence of judiciary is fully secured under the Constitution of 1973 by which, the Judges should fix and decide the matters in front of them without any pressure and influence. Judges are considered to be custodian of constitutional as well as fundamental rights. In last few decades, judiciary has been highly influenced by politicians and other institutions to get favor and to achieve political interests and personal benefits. Furthermore, there are various key factors which contribute to partiality of judges such as favoritism in the appointment, political influence, personal interests and corruption. The biasness and partiality of judges has raised tensions among branches of government particularly judiciary and the executive. By qualitative research, the objective of this paper is to examine the partiality of judges and their impact on legal cases which has compromised on judiciary’s independence, adherence to the law and protection of constitutional as well as fundamental rights. The outcomes of this research propose that impartiality of judiciary is crucial for the administration of justice and protection of constitutional as well as fundamental rights..

The Role of the Principals in Supporting Teachers' Performance in Enhancing Online Learning in Secondary Schools: Teachers' Perspectives

Raheela Jawaid — 2024-10-21

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global shift to online and hybrid learning, highlighting the pivotal role of school principals in ensuring educational effectiveness (RAND, 2020). Principals were essential in facilitating teacher readiness, maintaining student engagement, and addressing the challenges of online education. Continuous professional development is considered as important aspect for educators for the integration of advanced technological tools, and prioritizing student well-being to foster academic success in digital environments. Therefore, this study explores the role of school principals in enhancing teaching performance during online learning, emphasizing the provision of facilities, teacher-student engagement, and overcoming barriers in managing online education. The phenomenological method was used under the umbrella of the qualitative approach. The data were collected from teachers of five private English-medium schools in Lahore via semi-structured interviews. The sample was selected with purposive sampling to target those schools that successfully managed online education during the pandemic. The following key themes emerged from the findings, i.e., faculty development, community and student engagement, fostering a positive school culture, and resource management. Principals were central to addressing challenges through strategies like teacher training and resource allocation. Based on the results, it is recommended that ongoing professional development and structured support systems are required to improve future online learning practices.

Exploring Workplace Incivility and Harassment against Women at University Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Qualitative Approach

Khalil ur Rahman — 2024-10-23

Workplace harassment is one of the mostly reported issues confronted by women in the modern day workplaces around the globe. Studies have found varying causes underlying the phenomena of workplace harassment in various time and places. This study aims to learn about various contributing factors and underlying causes of workplace harassment within the universities of Pakistan. A qualitative research method was adopted to collect data from 12 female faculty members of Hazara University Mansehra through an interview guide. The collected data was thematically analyzed as suggested by Braun and Clark (2006). Four major themes were extracted, and the results reveal that female workers are confronted various forms of workplace harassment. Furthermore, the findings indicated that patriarchy in the institution, a lack of proper implementation of workplace harassment policies, and a power imbalance between male and female workers contribute to workplace harassment. The majority of men occupy authoritative positions in institutions that contribute to workplace harassment. The government and institutions ensure the proper implementation of policies within workplaces and also organize awareness programs to provide workers with knowledge about policies related to workplace harassment.

Examining the Correlation between Instructional Strategies and Undergraduate Students’ Self Esteem

Nimra Awan — 2024-10-24

This quantitative study explored the relationship between teacher’s instructional strategy and student’s self-esteem at undergraduate level in both private and public universities of Lahore. The cross-sectional survey research design was used. Convenience sampling and simple random methods were used to select the universities and participants respectively. Sample of study were 500 students and were enrolled in various academic programs at universities of Lahore. Two scales; The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and self-developed Instructional Strategy Scale were used. Pilot testing on 200 students was used for reliability and experts’ opinion was sought for the validation of the instrument. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analysis. Results indicated that there were significant and positive relationships among Instructional Strategies and Self Esteem. It is recommended that educators must incorporate a variety of instructional strategies into their teaching to effectively support students’ self-esteem, which lead to their academic performance.

Investigating Advertising Strategies: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Social Media Advertisements in Pakistan

Muhammad Mubeen Shah — 2024-10-24

This study aims to analyze advertising strategies on social media and customer feedback towards those ads, focusing on trends across various platforms. Drawing from Van Dijk’s (1999) model of language control and Kress and Leeuwen’s (2020) multimodal framework, this research explores how advertisers influence consumer behavior through linguistic and visual elements. Qualitative analysis was conducted on advertisements from randomly selected Facebook brand pages. Both textual and image analyses were applied to examine how these ads persuade consumers. The analysis revealed that advertisers use specific linguistic choices and images to shape consumer perceptions. Moreover, advertisers frame a lifestyle necessary for society to live a better life, and the pictures of celebrities or products have a greater space than the text itself that forces the consumers to take immediate decision. Customers, in turn, engage by showing interest and asking questions in the comment sections. Future studies could use this research to raise awareness of how social media advertising influences consumer behavior and encourage more informed interactions with such advertisements.

A Linguistic Analysis of the Social Dialect(S) Spoken by the Slum Dwellers in Lahore

Jannat Nabeel — 2024-10-29

The study aimed to conduct a linguistic analysis of the sociolect(s) used by the slum dwellers in three areas of Lahore: Bahria Town, Model Town, and Wapda Town. The objectives were to find the sociolect(s) spoken by the slum community, analyze it based on linguistic features, and determine the extent the sociolect(s) of slum dwellers vary from the city dwellers. It has been years since the phenomenon of language was discovered and used by humans as the source of conveying perceptions. The qualitative research methodology and the two instruments: non-participant overt observation and semi-structured interviews have been used. The results elicited that the sociolects used by the slum community were mainly Punjabi, a mixture of both Urdu and Punjabi, and a hint of Saraiki was also found. Additionally, it is recommended to increase the sample size, incorporate participant observation, and conduct pilot testing to ensure clarity for the main study.

A Young Adult Female Kunstlerroman: Paul Marshall’s Dancing Diva, From Utopian Americanism to Dystopian Realism

Tayyeba Ashfaq — 2024-11-02

This study aims to investigate how a utopian environment is offered to a young adult in Paul Marshall's Brown Girl Brownstones; wherein the coming-of-age utopian narrative is appropriated with dystopia. However, the protagonist struggles in recognizing and comprehending foreign and native landscapes and people. Utopia negates the idea of subjugation acknowledging people’s dreams. Salina's unwillingness to embrace her prospective possibility as a wife and mother is juxtaposed against her inability to find a self-identify as a dancer, indicating that woman and artist constitute separate personalities that are completely contradictory. Marshall's usage of the Kunstlerroman explores the difficulties of female artists in accepting and inhabiting their artistic selves. In a Bildungsroman, the protagonist resolves to be an ordinary citizen and the early years are taken into consideration, while in a Kunstlerroman, i.e an "artist's novel," the protagonist disapproves of regular life and presents the main character's entire life.

Mental Health Law in the United Arab Emirates: An Analysis

Ali Ajmal — 2024-11-02

This research aims to study mental health law in the United Arab Emirates. The UAE enacted Federal Law No. 10 of 2023 on mental health, which is a comprehensive and well-developed legislation in the field of mental health. The doctrinal legal analysis research method was employed to study mental health law in the United Arab Emirates. Mental health law in the UAE guarantees the safeguarding of the rights and dignity of psychiatric patients, along with the provision of health care and the regulations of relations between psychiatric patients and people related to them, including employed and employee relations. To meet the objectives of mental health law in the United Arab Emirates, it is recommended that infrastructure be developed, mental health professionals be specialized trained, and awareness of mental health be spread.

Social Networking Sites Use and Relationship Satisfaction among Married Adults: The Mediating Effect of Materialism

Rubab Bukhari — 2024-11-02

The main objective of the current study was to examine the association between materialism, social networking sites use, and relationship satisfaction among married adults. While extensive research exists on social networking sites use and relationship satisfaction, materialism's mediating role among married adults in Pakistan is unclear and this study addresses this gap. Through convenient sampling, 390 married adults were approached in a cross-sectional study from various districts of AJK and KPK. The researchers utilized the Material Value Scale (MVS), Modified Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (MFIQ), and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) to evaluate the variables. Results showed significant positive correlation between materialism, social networking sites use, and relationship satisfaction. Mediation analysis confirmed that materialism partially mediates the relationship between social networking sites use and relationship satisfaction.

Rooted in Loss: Exploring Generational Trauma through a Postcolonial Lens in The Island of Missing Trees

Saima Bashir — 2024-11-04

The article explores Elif Shafak’s The Island of Missing Trees under the Delezuean notion of generational trauma. Ada, Kostas, and Defne try to figure out who they are while dealing with unfinished trauma and repressed memories. In their attempts to cope, forget, and move on from their traumatic experiences, they encouter collective trauma. The Deleuzean perspective is used to investigate how trauma affects people’s lives and is passed down from generation to generation. The study incorporates the idea of intergenerational transmission of memories to interpret how families with traumatic and violent historical events, in this case, the families who suffered during the intercommunal violence that destroyed Cyprus in 1974, pass their traumatic experiences from one generation to the other. However, generational pain can not only change the way one sees the world and oneself, but can also make new opportunities possible, thus making suffering lead to new ideas and creativity.

Exploring the Effects of Social Media Usage on Peer Relationship among College Students

Rabia Rashid — 2024-11-06

Social media has become a central aspect of college students' lives, significantly influencing how they interact and maintain peer relationships. This study aimed to investigate the comparative effects of social media use on peer relationships among male and female college students in Islamabad. The objectives of the study were: to find out, investigate and compare the effect of social media usage on male and female college students of Islamabad. The sample of 71 students (54 female and 17 male) from different colleges were selected randomly and data was collected by using a questionnaire. Data were tabulated and results showed that use of social media platforms had significant effects on self-esteem and peer relationships among college students. The study suggested that awareness campaigns could help students to use social media in a positively controlled ways.

Effect of Staff Shortage on Patient Safety and Quality of Care

Suneel Naseem — 2024-11-06

The objective of study is to assess the effect of staff shortage on patient safety and quality of care. Staff shortage in healthcare facilities has become a prevalent and concerning issue globally. The shortage of healthcare professionals, including nurses, physicians, and support staff, has significant implications for patient safety and the quality of care provided. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted in various units of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore over four months from April to July 2024. A total of 200 nurses were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, including demographic information and an adopted Patient Safety and Quality of Care Inventory, consisting of 41 items and 12 dimensions. Ethical approval was obtained, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The study describes the demographic characteristics and knowledge levels of participants regarding staff shortages and patient safety. Participants were predominantly female (86%) and between 20-30 years old (46.5%). Most had 1-5 years of experience (56.5%) and held a Diploma in General Nursing (64%). Results reveal mixed perceptions of safety and supervision, with concerns about the impact of staff shortages on teamwork and patient safety, particularly regarding coordination across units and non-punitive responses to errors. Improving staffing levels and fostering stronger inter-unit collaboration are essential to enhance patient outcomes and safety measures.

Importance of Turkmenistan in the Central Asian Region: A Geo-Strategic Analysis

Nida Khadim — 2024-11-07

The main objective of the research paper is to analyse Turkmenistan’s geographical position to play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of power politics, regional stability, and economic development. Turkmenistan, one of the five Central Asian Republic, occupies an important position within the region because of its strategic location, ample energy resources, and neutral foreign policy. This is descriptive and analytical research. Data is collected through secondary source i.e. journals and Books. The study has examined how Geo-strategic location and wealth of natural resources of Turkmenistan has importance for the security, regional cooperation and stability of Central Asian region.Turkmenistan is home to the world’s fourth-biggest reserves of herbal gasoline, which has positioned it at the center of power politics, in particular in relation to Europe, China, and Russia. The study concludes that Turkmenistan is strengthening its ties with the USA, China and Russia to achieve economic development and stability in the region.

Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge and Practices on Nasogastric Feeding in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Sidra Ramzan — 2024-11-14

The objective of this study is to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding nasogastric feeding in intensive care units. Nasogastric feeding involves monitoring and management to prevent complications such as aspiration, tube displacement, or clogging. A cross sectionl study was employed. A sample size of 80 nurses was taken through convenient sampling. Data was through SPSS version 24. The study results showed that most (63%)of the participants were between 20-30 year old, and majority (70%) of them were female. Most of the nurses (80%)had average Knowledge of nasogastric feeding. Most of the nurses (65%) showed incompetent practices regarding nasogastric feeding to patients. Nurses should given continuous education regarding nasogastric feeding and should monitor their practice to improve the quality of care of patients

Labor Reforms in China: An Appraisal

Zangchen — 2024-11-14

This paper traces the basic reforms in China's labor system and discusses the unexpected changes resulting from those reforms. Labor system reform in China was initiated in the late 1970s. The reform focused on relaxing direct control by various governmental departments and making better use of the market mechanisms in the labor market. Since the reform, people have more opportunities and freedom with respect to job selection and enterprise managers have more autonomy regarding hiring, rewarding and firing employees. Due to the simultaneous functioning of the dual system government control and market forces coupled with the lack of a well-established system, some people are distinctly more advantaged than others since the reforms. Corruption has increased drastically, most people are deeply frustrated and angered, something which contributed to the mass participation in the latest democratic movement in mid-1989.Qualataive rsearch method is used to analysed the labor reforms and law system in China .Based on research on China's labor system reform and comparison, our conclusions are that economic system reform and political system reform should be conducted simultaneously.

Learning Style of Undergraduate University Students with Anxiety

Aiman Rahim — 2024-11-16

This study explores the relationship between anxiety and learning styles among undergraduate students, focusing on how anxiety influences their preferred learning modalities. Learning styles, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic, are shaped by individual preferences and cognitive traits. Anxiety, which impacts cognitive functions, may also affect learning behaviors, but this intersection is underexplored, especially in the Pakistani academic context. A qualitative case study design was used, with purposive sampling to select ten undergraduate students diagnosed with anxiety using the GAD-7 scale. The VARK questionnaire assessed learning styles, and unstructured interviews provided insights into students’ experiences. Most participants preferred kinesthetic learning, with common themes of avoidant behavior, difficulty focusing, and social interaction challenges due to anxiety. Instructors should adapt teaching strategies to accommodate anxiety-related learning preferences, such as providing flexible, interactive learning environments and personalized study approaches. Further research is needed on anxiety’s long-term impact on learning

The Influence of Juvenile Psychopathy Traits on Recidivism Rates: The Moderating Role of Family Support

Maham Yaqoob — 2024-11-16

This study investigates the relationship between psychopathic traits and juvenile recidivism, exploring family support as a potential moderating factor. Juvenile offenders with psychopathic traits pose significant rehabilitation challenges. Prior research suggests that social support, particularly from families, may mitigate recidivism risks. A sample of 150 incarcerated youth (ages 14–18) was assessed using the Inventory of Youth Psychopathy Traits-Short Version for psychopathy and the Family Cohesion subscale of the Family Environment Scale for family support. Recidivism data were gathered through self- reports and agency records. Hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were employed. Higher psychopathy levels were strongly associated with increased recidivism. However, family support moderated this relationship, significantly reducing recidivism among high-psychopathy youth. Implement family-focused interventions, such as therapy sessions, parenting programs, and improved family communication strategies, to enhance family cohesion. Future longitudinal studies should explore causal links and additional social support factors to address recidivism comprehensively.

Childhood Traumas versus Marital Dilemmas: A Feminine Psychological Analysis of Paula Hawkins’ The Girl on the Train

Saima Bashir — 2024-11-17

The article delves into the intricate exploration of marital conflicts within Paula Hawkins’ psychological thriller The Girl on the Train (2015) by utilizing Karen Horney’s theory of Feminine Psychology as a guiding framework. The psychological trauma of Rachel Watson, the female protagonist, becomes pivotal in unraveling the complexities of her failed marriage. The qualitative research method of research is used to dissect the traumatic events leading to the dissolution of the marriage and the subsequent aftermath. Through the lens of Horney’s theory which challenges traditional Freudian perspectives on female psychology, the research sheds light on the profound effects of societal gender biases and objectification. By exploring how Rachel Watson copes with the aftermath of her failed marriage, the study provides insight into the individual’s journey of self-discovery and resilience, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the female psyche, marriage dynamics, and societal influences on woman’s role in a relationship.

Investigating the Relationship between Pre-Service Teachers’ Cognitive Flexibility and Techno-Pedagogical Competencies: A Pathway to Effective Teaching in the Digital Age

Tariq Hussain — 2024-11-20

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-service teachers' cognitive flexibility and their techno-pedagogical competencies, comparing influencing factors such as program enrollment and access to technology. Incorporating technology in education requires adaptability and competence. Understanding how cognitive flexibility affects techno-pedagogical skills is vital for enhancing teacher preparation programs. A correlation research design with a quantitative approach was utilized. Data were collected from students enrolled in BS, B.Ed., and pre-service teacher training programs using a self-developed 45-item instrument with a 5-point Likert scale. The sample was selected through multistage sampling, and the instrument's reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.861) was validated. The findings showed significant differences in cognitive flexibility and techno-pedagogical competencies based on program type, computer access, and internet availability. A positive correlation between cognitive flexibility and techno-pedagogical skills was observed. Enhancing access to technology and fostering adaptability through targeted training programs can improve pre-service teachers' techno-pedagogical competencies.

Metaphorical Expressions in Pakistani Beauty Product Advertisements: A Cultural Approach

Zunaira Maryam — 2024-11-20

The objective of the present study is to examine the use of conceptual metaphorical techniques in Pakistani social media advertisements and the forms in which culture is presented in advertisements with the help of metaphorical expressions. The current study is qualitative in nature and the data collected consists of beauty product advertisements from the year (2013-2023) from YouTube channels. For data collection purposive sampling technique is used and only relevant advertisements are selected for analysis. In the current study two theories: Conceptual Metaphor Theory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Cultural Linguistic Theory by Sharifian (2003) are employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that in Pakistani advertisements there is an extensive use of metaphorical expressions for the persuasion of target customers and also for cultural depiction. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the target purchasers should be aware of the persuasive strategies used by the advertisers to enhance the effectiveness and understanding of their products.

Portrayal of Violence against Transgender in Pakistani Urdu Dramas: A Critical Analysis

Wali Ullah — 2024-11-22

This study examined the portrayal of violence against transgender individuals in Pakistani Urdu dramas, emphasizing the significant influence of television on societal attitudes. Channels like PTV, ARY Digital, and HUM TV play a key role in shaping cultural perceptions through their content. Using thematic content analysis, the study explored the depiction of transgender characters and their treatment by other characters, comparing these portrayals to societal realities. Findings revealed that over 50% of transgender characters were depicted dominantly, a stark contrast to reality. Psychological violence was most common (28.5%), while economic violence was rare. Only 37.75% of transgender portrayals aligned with societal realities, with submissive and ambiguous depictions also present. Despite limited screen time, often played by renowned actors, transgender characters were portrayed as emotionally intelligent, patient, and bold at times. The dramas conveyed a message of equality and human rights, though significant differences in portrayal were observed across plays.

The Role of Right-Wing Political Parties in Politics of Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

Ibtasam Zafar Butt — 2024-11-22

This study explores the role of right-wing political parties in Pakistan, their influence on the nation's political and cultural landscape, and the challenges they face in the modern socio-political context. Right-wing political parties in Pakistan have played a significant role in promoting conservative, religious, and nationalist ideals, shaping the country's identity as an Islamic state. They have influenced the constitution, legislative and cultural policies, and social and foreign policies. However, as the country's socio-political landscape evolves, these parties face growing challenges, including internal ideological divides, competition with radical factions, civil-military relations pressures, and global scrutiny of religious extremism. In this study, qualitative, historical, analyzing, and exploratory approach was used to examine the historical contributions of right-wing parties, their ideological shifts, and key policy decisions, providing a comprehensive understanding of their ability to maintain influence amidst emerging political and social pressures. The study reveals that right-wing parties in Pakistan have effectively shaped the country's policies based on religious values, national sovereignty, and conservative socio-economic principles, particularly in incorporating Islamic values and resisting Western influence. However, these parties face challenges such as ideological competition, economic constraints, and the need to appeal to a diverse voter base, as well as civil-military tensions limiting their policy autonomy in foreign policy and national security. Right-wing parties in Pakistan should adopt a balanced approach, combining conservative values with economic and social reforms. Moderate stances on social justice and international engagement could appeal to a wider constituency. Addressing educational reforms that integrate modern subjects with religious education could mitigate extremism criticisms and provide a balanced policy agenda. These adaptations could help sustain ideological foundations while appealing to diverse voter demographics, fostering a stable and inclusive political environment.

Climate Change and its Impact on Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies for Buddhist Heritage in Swat and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Mir Wali Shah — 2024-12-03

An alarm for the built heritage such as archaeological ruins under the threats of climate change. This research aims to identify how climate change affecting the measures for protecting the built heritage. Purpose of this research to understand climate risk to Buddhist Built Heritage sites in District Swat and Mardan division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan, a Land of Gandhara, the prominent in the history of Buddhism. This study looks at how climate change distresses disaster risk reduction measures for Buddhist sites. Methodology adopted, a field surveys, interviews, historical data analysis, to examine state of DRR measures used to assess sites, their effectiveness in the context of shifting climate patterns. The study highlights urgent need for a comprehensive approach to safeguarding this irreplaceable heritage, identifying gaps in strategies, limited integration of climate change. Adoption of novel DRR frameworks, early warning systems, climate-smart infrastructure, collaboration among local communities, government/International organisations were recommended.

Smog and Health in Punjab: Analyzing Awareness, Protective Behaviors, and Public Support for Air Quality Policies

Muhammad Haris Khan Khattak — 2024-12-06

The primary purpose of the study is to measure public awareness of smog and its health risks; determine actions taken against smog; and determine levels of public support for air quality policies. It consisted of a quantitative survey. In the peak smog season (September through November), a structured questionnaire was employed to survey 800 participants. Awareness of smog and health risks was higher among urban residents than among rural residents. Those in urban populations were also most likely to adopt protective behavior such as wearing face masks and using air purifiers. More people in urban areas reported respiratory symptoms, including coughing and wheezing than in rural areas. There was high public support for government action to reduce smog. To reduce the harmful effects of smog and improve air quality from the future both, government action and public awareness efforts will be important.

Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Affective Learning of Students at Higher Secondary Schools: An Analysis

Mansoor Ali — 2024-12-09

The present research aims to analyze the role of information and communication technologies for affective learning of students at higher secondary schools. The study was descriptive and survey-based. Both the qualitative and quantitative (QUAN-qual.) methods were applied. The explanatory approach was used. Population of the study comprised principles, subject specialists, and students of higher secondary classes of district Khairpur, Sindh. The basic random sampling method was used. The sample of study was consisted 400 students, 8 Principals, 24 subject specialists. The questionnaires were developed as research instruments for gathering information from the participants. The advice of experts was used to guarantee validity, while Cronbach Alpha was used in SPSS-23 to determine reliability. Overall the findings of the study revealed that majority of the SSTs students were agreed that the problems and issues related to ICTs. The mean score was 3.419.the standard deviation was 1.569 and According to the study's findings, the majority of SSTs and students believed that students could learn real-world situations, enhance their knowledge, create learning content, communicate, find assigned topics online, obtain quick information, comprehend better when teachers integrated ICTs, learn effectively through ICT use, and learn from online dictionaries and encyclopedias. The emerging technologies may be included teaching learning process to transmit the updated and relevant knowledge of ICTs.

Analysis of Ecolinguistic Discourse in Bina Shah's The Monsoon War

Uzma Sadi — 2024-12-09

The objective of this research is to analyze the interplay of language and ecology in Bina Shah's The Monsoon War which demonstrates how linguistic choices inform environmentalist discourse. The theoretical framework utilized for this research is Stibbe’s ecolinguistics approach. The study delves into representations of natural spaces and environments to explore how it intersects with other narrative aspects, such as characterization and setting which reflect on broader themes related to ecological collapse/sustainability in modern-day Pakistan. The study reveals this through the text’s language and imagery by examining how Shah engages with urgent environmental issues. The results indicate that the novel of Shah is not only a story about struggle, but it also lies within its decisiveness a signification arcade of man-nature interrelationship and reiterates the needs for an extra knowledge on ecological mutual liaison. The research recommends literature as a medium to be utilized to provide awareness in reshaping eco-consciousness.

Assessment of Neurological Functioning in Covid-19 Survivors and Healthy Individuals

Amara Gul — 2024-12-10

The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely affected the individuals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess the neuropsychological functioning of COVID-19 survivors in comparison to healthy individuals, with an emphasis on determining any potential age and gender-based differences. It is comparative cross-sectional study and included 250 healthy controls and 250 COVID-19 survivors. The Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination (BNCE) was used to test the participants' cognitive abilities. Group differences and demographic effects were examined in the data. Across all cognitive subscales, the results showed that COVID-19 survivors had significantly worse neuropsychological functioning than healthy controls. The study identifies demographic differences in cognitive results and emphasizes the widespread effect of COVID-19 on cognitive functioning. Study findings highlight the need of focused cognitive rehabilitation programs especially for females and younger people and advised to conduct longitudinal studies to examine the cognitive deficits in COVID-19 survivors.

Evaluation of Academic Performance: An Analytical Study of Government Owned Schools in Islamabad

Tabassum Naz — 2024-12-11

Academic performance is the main indicator of success of educational institutions and academic performance is measured based on the quantitative outcomes of students. This study examines the academic performance of students in federal government schools of Islamabad. The objectives included assessing the academic performance of students in federal government schools of Islamabad, analyze the disparities between urban and rural schools, gender, sectors, and student population size. Data was collected from the results of the Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination. An exploratory design was employed, analyzing the collected data through literature review. No significant difference was found in academic performance between urban and rural schools. However, significant gender disparities were observed, with males outperforming females. Inter-sectoral differences were also identified. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between student population size and academic performance. Further research is needed to identify the factors responsible for the differences in academic performance of institutions.

Play-Based Learning and Child Cognitive-Emotional Development in Nature-Based Programs

Abdul Qayyum — 2024-12-13

This study aimed to examine the impact of play-based learning on young children's cognitive and social-emotional development in a nature-based early childhood education setting. It focused on enhancing problem-solving, creativity, critical thinking, and fostering educator and parental collaboration. Play-based learning is widely recognized for promoting essential early childhood skills. However, its effectiveness and challenges in specific contexts, such as nature-based programs, require further exploration to optimize its benefits. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining observations, educator interviews, and parental feedback. Data were collected from eight children, eight educators, and ten parents in a nature-based program. Findings revealed significant improvements in problem-solving, creativity, critical thinking, and attention spans in children. Educators and parents acknowledged these benefits but highlighted challenges, including limited resources and communication gaps. Addressing resource constraints, enhancing educator training, and fostering effective communication with parents are essential. Integrating digital tools and increasing parental involvement should also be explored in future research to maximize the benefits of play-based learning.

The Role of Accessibility and Inclusivity in Instructional Materials in Enhancing Learning for Higher Education Students

Sumaira Naz — 2024-12-16

This study explores the role of accessibility and inclusivity in instructional materials in enhancing learning experiences in higher education. It investigates how instructional materials supports accessible and inclusive environments and identifies barriers hindering these efforts. A descriptive survey design was adopted, using a mixed-method (QUAN-qual) approach with an explanatory sequential design. The sample included 16 department heads, 80 teachers, and 320 students, selected through convenient and random sampling. Data collection tools, including questionnaires and interviews, were validated using expert reviews and tested for reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed in SPSS-24 using descriptive statistics and correlation techniques. Most respondents found the university website accessible (mean score = 3.36, SD = 1.36). They also recognized support for students requiring accessible content (mean = 3.37, SD = 1.22). The study recommends that the universities should prioritize the development of accessible instructional and digital materials while providing assistive technologies to address diverse student needs.

Examining the Impact of Mobile-Based Extramural Activities on Vocabulary Development among EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Muhammad Jahangeer — 2024-12-16

The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Extramural English exercises on developing word-stock in higher secondary school EFL students using a mixed-methods methodology. From two language learning schools, 48 participants were eligible and willing to participate, twenty-four were male students, while twenty-four were females. Vocabulary development was assessed through pre- and post-tests. Semi-structured interview enabled us to explore all aspects of participants’ inclination and attitude towards EE-based exercise. The experimental group's results showed that the activities that are based on Extramural English have a significant impact on improvement in learners' vocabulary acquisition (p<0.001). Furthermore the findings indicated, in female and male learners, there were no discernible variations in the word knowledge ensuing EE exercise (p=0.27). Research indicates that participants preferred a variety of mobile-based EE activities that helped them expand their vocabulary. In light of these conclusions, the research suggests that teachers should successfully incorporate mobile technology into language instruction to boost students' language skills.

A Critical Analysis of the Model Town and Sahiwal Tragedies and Enforced Disappearances in Pakistan: Perspectives from Human Rights and Constitutional Law

Muhammad Shahid Sultan — 2024-12-17

This research paper critically analyze three high-profile cases in Pakistan: the Sahiwal incident, the Model Town tragedy, and enforced disappearances.The objectives is to outline the legal frameworks and human rights violations associated with each case , This is accomplished by giving brief background, analysis of constitutional and international treaties such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, domestic and international judicial and public responses while highlighting systemic flaws in the judicial process and law enforcement in our country The result of research is that a collective effort of international and national state holders are required to prevent human rights violations .This study concludes with recommendation and syggesstion particularly to Legislature and international organization to provide effective remedies in line with international standards.

Parental Unresolved Trauma and Mental Health in University Students: A Phenomenological Approach

Khadija Azam — 2024-12-18

This study examines how parental unresolved trauma affects university students' mental health. This study collected a heterogeneous sample of 10 university students aged 18–25 utilising purposive non-probability sampling using the qualitative survey research methodology. Eaton (2017) created an interview guide based on the current Calgary University Manual. It comprised on three steps e.g. item generation, try out and end product. Colaizzi's Phenomenological method used that comprises seven steps to generate the themes and subthemes. The findings of the study revealed a significant association between diverse parental unresolved trauma leads to higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among university students. The study recommended measures and support networks to reduce parents' trauma's harmful effects on children's schooling and mental health. Research shows that parents' unresolved trauma and mental health are sensitive issues that need attention. Counselling, school-based trauma treatment, and parental trauma education have been considered in light of the study findings.

Leveraging AWS for Innovation: Exploring AI-Driven Cognitive Capabilities and Organizational Performance in Pakistan

Syed Muhammad Fauzan Ali — 2024-12-18

This study examines the influence of Amazon Web Services (AWS) on organizational performance through cognitive engagement, cognitive insights, and process automation in Pakistani industries. AWS has emerged as a transformative technology, enabling organizations to leverage AI-driven tools for decision-making, automation, and enhanced employee engagement. However, understanding its impact within the Pakistani context remains underexplored, particularly in terms of organizational performance and strategic integration. The research employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 200 respondents across IT and Operations departments. Key constructs included AWS’s role in driving cognitive and automation capabilities and their subsequent effect on performance. The findings confirmed that AWS significantly enhances cognitive engagement, generates actionable insights, and facilitates process automation, collectively contributing to improved organizational performance. Organizations should address integration complexities and data security challenges, align AWS tools with strategic goals, and invest in workforce training, enhancing adaptability to fully leverage AI-driven platforms for improved decision-making, automation, and sustainable growth in Pakistan.

Climate Change: Threats to Agricultural Growth Sustainability in Pakistan and Government Policies

Syeda Sameen Gelani — 2024-12-19

This study examines the impact of climate change on Pakistan's agriculture, evaluates government measures, and proposes strategies to ensure sustainability. Pakistan's agricultural sector faces severe threats from rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events. These changes jeopardize the production of staple crops like rice and wheat, vital for the economy and food security. The research employs qualitative exploratory method to assess climate change risks and government interventions. Climate change significantly reduces crop yields due to altered precipitation patterns and rising temperatures, threatening food security and agricultural sustainability.To address these challenges, the study suggests redistributing public funds, enhancing water storage, promoting community-based natural resource management, and investing in research and development for climate-smart agriculture. Implementing these strategies can improve resilience, safeguard food security, and benefit millions of Pakistanis' health and well-being.