Annals of Human and Social Sciences

Empowering the Nations: Assessing the Energy Crisis-Post Federalization: A Case Study of Bagmati Province in Nepal

Shilata Pokharel, Prof. Dr. Iram Khalid — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aims to analyze the consequences of the energy crisis in the Bagmati Province. The Energy crisis is the most challenging issue at the global level. Energy production is most powerful in globalization, Nepal has many energy possibilities after the Federalizations with all three tiers of government focused on development. A mixed method applied following qualitative and Quantitative research. Through interview schedule, both public and private energy producers were interviewed, pre-tested in the study areas during Oct-Dec 2023. The infrastructure demands and materials due to urbanization have increased energy-electricity. After federalization, the local development work progressed and energy demand accelerated whereas production was recorded as insufficient. The lack of an input system and mechanization are the priorities in the farming sectors that resulted in crisis and shortage. The local resource utilization and distribution of energy to the need-based purpose are advised.

Digital Propaganda and Political Manipulation: An Analysis of Social Media's Role in Pakistani Politics

Hassan Khalil — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The advent of digital technology has transformed information dissemination, with social media playing a key role. In Pakistan, social media's rapid adoption has reshaped the political landscape, creating new channels for engagement and activism. However, it has also enabled populist and authoritarian actors to use digital propaganda to influence public opinion. This study examines the strategies and societal implications of digital propaganda in Pakistan, focusing on social media's role in political manipulation. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research includes a survey of 1,000 social media users and interviews with 12 experts. Findings reveal that 90% of respondents use social media as their primary information source. Qualitative analysis shows deliberate and pervasive digital propaganda. Interviewees highlight the strategic use of social media to manipulate public perception. The study concludes that digital propaganda is a significant threat to democratic values in Pakistan. It recommends improved media literacy and effective countermeasures to manage digital propaganda's impact.

Beyond the Binary: Exploring the Cultural Identity and Practices of thee Hijra Community in Lahore

Dr. Huma Pervaiz — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This article explores the cultural patterns of Hijras (transgender individuals) in Lahore. Marginalized due to their queer identity, Hijras are often compelled to live within their own distinct culture. The study investigates how these cultural traditions shape their communal lives and interactions with broader society. Hijra culture, developed through historical stages, adapts to contemporary needs. Though largely excluded, Hijras play specific roles during special occasions like weddings and the birth of male children, where their visibility increases. Outside these events, they face issues of acceptance, humiliation, and molestation. This research uses oral history methods, collecting data from 60 Hijras in Lahore through interviews and case studies. The sample includes Hijras from different age groups and areas of the city. Data is analyzed using narrative and comparative techniques.(Valerie J, 2010,p.46) To contextualize primary sources, secondary data from newspapers, reports, research articles, books, and internet sources are also incorporated.

Career Education and Vocational Training as Part of Expanded Core Curriculum for Primary Level Learners with Vision Impairment: A Qualitative Review

Dr. Muhammad Jahanzaib, Dr. Ghulam Fatima, Saima Hanif — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study was planned to evaluate the vocational training and carrier education opportunities for children with visual impairment (CWVI) at primary level. It was a descriptive qualitative inquiry. Semi structured interviews were used to gather data from randomly selected 16 vocational teachers including six males and 10 females working in 12 special education institutions of Punjab. Vocational teachers are available in 18 special education schools of CWVI and three devolved special education complex whereas approximately 170 special education centers have no vocational teachers in the field of visual impairment. An interview guide validated by five field experts was applied to conduct interview comprising eight queries about demographic information of informants and 14 open ended questions about existing vocational practices and career education. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis was also carried out and nine themes and six sub-themes were derived. Results revealed that majority of vocational teachers are well qualified females teaching CWVI for more than 10 years. In-service training opportunities are limited and less effective. Although specific time is reserved for vocational training but still some students are deprived of resources and most of the vocational trades are outdated. The study recommended that pre service vocational trainings should be upgraded. Specialization in vocational diploma should be started in various disabilities. Remuneration for out dated vocational trade should be given to carrier education opportunities.

Language, Media, and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani News Bulletin on the Change of Command of COAS (2022)

Shehla Sohail, Dr. Pir Suhail Ahmed Sarhandi, Alia Ali Bhutto — Sat, 06 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Television is a permeating medium that can instill false consciousness in its audience. The current study looks at the ideological constructs in the headlines of Pakistani news channels and on Twitter and how they affect the readers. This study has explained the ideological constructions by applying Fairclough's paradigm for critical discourse analysis (CDA) to the news headlines in electronic media and Twitter regarding the appointment of the Chief of Army Staff (2022) and contrasting three different Pakistani news channels. The effect of news headlines and tweets regarding the change in command of the COAS on viewers has been evaluated using a qualitative method, coupled with some intertextual and sociocultural analyses. Examining the news headlines reveals that Pakistani news headlines are imbued with various ideologies and power interactions. The current study is intended to aid in the promotion of media literacy among Pakistani viewers and media authorities.

Impact of Traditional Teaching Methodologies on the Performance of Students at Primary Level in Government Schools of Hyderabad City

Shahzeen Laghari — Sun, 07 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study aims to explore the impact of traditional teaching methodologies on the performance of students at Primary level in Government Schools of Hyderabad city. Teaching methodologies are the prime important part of teaching learning process. The nature of this study was descriptive and survey research design was used. Qualitative method for data collection has been used. The population of the study consists of all the teachers and students of Government Primary Schools of Hyderabad city. Sample was taken by means of probability method. Questionnaire tool was used to collect data. After brief analysis it was found that some of the Government Primary Schools follow traditional ways of teaching. Based on findings it was recommended to make use of innovative new methodologies to encourage students’ participation, engagement and conceptual learning. The research suggests to implement different methodologies of teaching in classrooms to make teaching learning process more effective.

Impact of Phubbing on Cognitive Abilities among Impulsive Individuals in Work Settings

Rida Zahra, Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Iqbal, Irum Javaid — Sun, 07 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Impulsive individuals may be more vulnerable to phubbing behavior, which can result in cognitive failures. Consequently, it can seriously disrupt one’s professional life. This study aimed to investigate how phubbing affects a person’s cognition including perception, memory and motor functioning. Sample consisted of working individuals from different institutes of Faisalabad Divisionsin Punjab, Pakistan (N = 200). A cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. 'The Phubbing Scale' developed by Karadağ et al. (2015) and‘The Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire’ by Broadbent et al. (1982) were used. The findings indicated that phubbing has a profound impact on cognitive abilities among impulsive adults in work settings. This investigation focused exclusively on impulsive individuals. Future studies should incorporate a sample with more diverse characteristics. It underscores the need for awareness about impulsivity, its impact on phubbing behaviors and their adversities on cognitive functioning, especially for those who are in their professional lives.

Examining the Impact of Organizational Culture and E-Human Resource Practices on Employee Commitment and Satisfaction

Muhammad Alamgir, Mehak Ali, Zujaj Ahmed — Sun, 07 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aims at understanding the role of organizational culture and Electronic Human resources practices on employee’s commitment and Employee Satisfaction. Telecom sector in developing countries has witnessed rapid expansion throughout last decade, this accelerated growth has brought about many challenges one of them is to professionally manage competent workforce and enhancing their commitment. As current study represents a cross-sectional analysis, therefore data was collected at one time from the target population. The responders were professionals with a wide range of expertise and skill sets from various telecom firms employed all over Pakistan. Telecom companies chosen as target population were Ufone, Mobilink, Zong, and Telenor. For that 290 questionnaires were recovered out of 400 distributed, that represents round about 72.5% at the stage of data collection. Regression analysis is used to check the significance of relationship. The findings of this research proved that positive relationships exist between organizational culture and employee commitment, E-human resource practices and Employee satisfaction also between E-Human resources practices and employee’s commitment, whereas, negative relation exist between organizational culture and Employee satisfaction. Despite scholarly consideration in culture and representative's execution, this exploration contributes in collection to the body of the Developing country culture information. Additionally, to the best of the scholar's' nature there was no examination accessible this unique relationship among variables under consideration. Hence, it is recommended that in order to increase employee commitment, companies should make investments in building a solid and supportive organizational culture and a work environment that promotes job satisfaction.

Citizen Journalism: Influence of Citizen–Generated Content on Mental Health

Dr. Muhammad Manshoor Hussain Abbasi, Samyah Zahoor, Malaika Munir — Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study explores the relationship between citizen journalism and mental health in Pakistan, particularly emphasizing the impact of exposure to citizen-generated content. Citizen journalism has changed the media environment, notably impacting public participation and emotional well-being. A qualitative approach and purposive sampling technique were employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews from three categories media persons, students and common citizens. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Approximately 65% of participants responded with emotional distress and increased anxiety caused by distressing content. Even though many had negative experiences, some reported positive outcomes when situations were handled responsibly. Consumption of citizen journalism and mental health were mediated by variables like age and media literacy. The results highlight the need for ethical standards and responsible reporting practices in citizen journalism. Enhanced media literacy and healthy coping strategies are essential for creating a supportive media landscape.

English Language a Breeding Ground for Differences among Genders: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

Tehreema Hassan, Dr. Zohaib Zahid — Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study investigates the complex dynamics of language within Pakistani society, centering on perceptions and experiences related to language dominance and proficiency. Despite English being acknowledged as a dominant language, the study uncovers unexpected trends challenging conventional expectations. Utilizing a quantitative method of research design involving students for collection of data. This investigation sheds light on linguistic discrimination, emphasizing its prevalence and impact on social interactions and perceptions of intelligence against the assumption of superior access to English resources for males, the study uncovers nuanced language strategies. Males, despite potential access, often prefer subordinate language, while females strategically incorporate English elements. The perceived correlation between linguistic skills, power, and social influence prompts a reevaluation of traditional gender roles. The perception that males are more competent or authoritative when using English is reinforced by a prevailing belief that language abilities, especially in English, are evaluated through a gendered lens in Pakistani society.

A Phonological Analysis of Closure and Consonant Duration of English and Pashto Stop Sounds

Dr. Bilal Khan, Said Arfan Ali Shah, Saba Aman — Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The main objectives of the study is to investigating the acoustic properties of English and Pashto Stops. It investigates the L1 Pashto effect on the acquisition of English Stops and to find out whether the acquisition process of Pashto learners agrees to the speech learning model of Flege (1987). The data analyzed in the study has been collected through microphone and Laptop in the shape of recordings from the educated and uneducated two groups of Pashto speakers. The data is analyzed using the Praat software. The analysis focuses on the closure and complete consonant duration of stops. It proves that there are certain similarities and differences in the acoustics properties of English and Pashto stops. Moreover, it proves that the results partially agree to the speech learning model. The study recommends further research work on Pashto language in general and on the acoustic analysis of the Pashto language in particular.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict and its Implications for Global Food Insecurity and Immigrant Influx

Ramsha Asif, Prof. Dr. Iram Khalid — Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has unleashed a profound humanitarian crisis, resonating globally through its impact on food security and precipitating a surge in immigration. The conflict-induced migration has led to a significant influx of immigrants, both internally and across borders, presenting myriad challenges. Therefore, this paper explores the intricate dynamics of how the conflict disrupts food production, distribution, and access, delving into the direct effects on millions in the region. This article is a qualitative research study that uses exploratory and explanatory research approaches to explore subtle recommendations, revealing the astounding interplay of factors escalating food insecurity. This paper reveals the need for sustained international efforts and organized responses that address both the immediate needs and the long-term implications are crucial. The food security and immigration influx challenges demand innovative solutions and a holistic and adaptive approach for recovery, resilience, and stability in the face of the Russia-Ukraine conflicts.

Slums and Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of Multan City

Ramsha Shabbir, Basit Nadeem, Muhammad Kashif — Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This research addresses the growing challenges of slums formation in Multan City, Pakistan. Metropoltan area population of Multan in 2021 was 2 million and growing at the rate of 2.23%. The main reason of slum formation is rapid urbanization. People migrated towards urban areas to facilitate themselves from the opportunities they are deprived. Unfortunately, there is no space for the poor’s in urban areas. In that case, these poor are forcibly choose margins of the cities or the deprived areas within a city to live. This study is survey-based. 5 urban slums areas of Multan city were randomly chosen. To execute the objectives of this research structure questionnaire was designed. A total of 144 questionnaires approximately 25-30 from each settlements were filled from filed survey by the researcher. Findings has been observed that these settlements are extremely deprived from the basic human facilities and infrastructure like clean water, sanitation, health facilities, inadequate houses etc. This has created a big problem for the sustainability of the city. For the betterment of these settlements Government should make law for the sustainability.

Effectiveness of Sign-Based Videos on English Comprehension of Students with Hearing Impairment

Ghazala Ishrat, Prof. Dr. Humara Bano, Dr. Maria Sohaib Qureshi — Sun, 14 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study investigates the efficacy of sign-based video interventions in improving English Comprehension among fifth-grade students with hearing impairments (SWHI). This study aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of a sign-based video intervention in improving the English reading skills of 5th-grade SWHI. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach, selecting 30 students from a private institute using a non-equivalent control group design. The English Reading Test (ERT) was given as a pretest and post-test to assess learning outcomes. To ensure a high level of dependability, pilot testing was conducted with an additional 30 students, resulting in a reliability coefficient of .845. The research findings indicate that using technology-enhanced teaching approaches, such as sign-based video Intervention, substantially positively impacts independent reading and concept clarification. These methods also promote motivation and improve long-term memory. It recommend to adapt other subjects for better comprehension of SWHI and integrate technology.

Uncovering Ceramic Craft of Indus Tradition: Analysis of Flanged Vessels from the Salt Range Musa Khel, Northern-Western Region of Greater Indus Valley

Arslan Butt, Ghani-ur-rahman, Pakeeza Tabbasum — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study examines flanged vessels from Musa Khel, a significant Indus Tradition site in the Salt Range, Greater Indus Valley. These vessels, notably prominent during the Early Harappan Kot Diji Phase (c. 3200-2600 BCE), are analyzed for their morphology, decoration, composition and cultural context. Despite their widespread presence, detailed studies in the Salt Range have been limited. Using a metric system and scales for description and frame work of Indus Tradition for chronological analysis, this research reveals the vessels' diverse, morphology, designs and likely local production. Their cultural context aligns with the Early to Late Kot Diji phase (c. 3200-2000 BCE), similar to findings at Gumla, Rehman Dheri, and Sarai Khola. The study emphasizes the importance of further investigation into these flanged vessels to provide new perspectives on the origins and development of the Indus Civilization.

The Effect of Excessive Smartphone Use on Child Cognitive Development and Academic Achievement: A Mixed Method Analysis

Dr. Abdul Qayyum, Dr. Mahvish Fatima Kashif, Rooha Shahid — Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study investigated the impact of smartphone usage on attention span, academic performance, and learning engagement in early learners aged 4-8 years. The increasing prevalence of smartphones among young children has raised concerns about its effects on cognitive development and academic outcomes. A mixed-methods design was employed, involving surveys, interviews, observations, and standardized assessments. Data were collected from 100 children and their parents/teachers from DHA Lahore to examine smartphone usage patterns and their impact on attention span, academic performance, and learning engagement. Findings revealed a significant negative correlation between smartphone usage and attention span and academic performance. Children with higher smartphone usage had shorter attention spans and lower academic scores, with a preference for entertainment content over educational use. Balanced smartphone use is recommended. Parents and educators should limit screen time, promote educational content, and encourage offline activities. Further research is needed on long-term effects.

Assessing the Impact of Physical Activity on Life Satisfaction among Lawyers

Syed Umair Ali Shah, Dr. Asif Ali, Natasha Munawar — Fri, 19 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

In current modern days, lack of life satisfaction merge as major issue among various professionals including lawyers. Therefore, to assess the impact of physical activity on life satisfaction among lawyers was the primary objective of the study. The study consisted of 230 participants out of which 19 were female lawyers and 211 were male lawyers. These lawyers ranged from 25 years to 65 years (M=38.19, SD=10.08) in age. The nature of this research was quantitative cross-sectional. Participants level of PA and life satisfaction were measured using IPAQ and SWLS. The findings demonstrated a notably beneficial link between physical exercise and life satisfaction among lawyers. The findings suggested that life satisfaction may be improved by raising level of PA among lawyers. Furthermore, results also indicated that age and gender did not play any significant role. Hence, legal organizations and law firms might consider implementing wellness programs to improve LS among lawyers.

Exploring Eco-Pedagogical Discourse at Secondary Level: A Comparative Analysis of PTB Vs. Oxford English Text Books

Faseha Afzal, Dr. Durr-e-Nayab, Zarmeena Noor — Sat, 20 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study aims to explore eco- pedagogical discourse in English textbooks designed by Punjab textbook board, taught in public and private schools of Punjab and Oxford Progressive English, taught in private schools of Punjab,Pakistan locally designed according to single national curriculum published in 2022. Ten textbooks from these two public and private publishers for secondary level were chosen as a sample of this study through the implementation of purposive sampling technique. While, the researcher employed categorization framework of EDA and transitivity system for the data analysis within a perspective to examine eco- pedagogical discourse to get awareness about language choices. The results revealed that eco-pedagogical discourse for the construction of positive viewpoint towards environment was incorporated in both publisher’s textbooks like natural resources and environmental education. Apart from that ecological texts of PTB was stands for anthropocentric connection between human and planet while OPE established this relationship between human and animal.

Enhancing Secondary Student Achievement through Cooperative Learning Strategies

Dr. Romena Ali, Dr. Shahid Raza — Sun, 21 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aimed to explore the effects of cooperative learning on General Science achievement among 9th-class students. Based upon previous research literature it was hypothesized that a significant difference existed between the mean posttest scores of General Science achievement of the experimental group and the control group. The pretest-posttest control group design was chosen for the experiment. The study sample consisted of 36 students of the 9th class who were equally distributed among the experimental group and control group, matched based on their annual examination at general science scores. The dependent variable of General Science achievement was measured through a self-constructed 30-item achievement test used as a pretest as well as a posttest. The experiment group was taught through cooperative learning while the control group was taught through traditional teaching. The material was used such as lesson plans, worksheets, and quizzes, designed to implement a cooperative learning methodology. The data were analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and t-test and .05 was the selected level of significance. The main result of the study was that the cooperative learning method is superior to the traditional method in general science achievement of 9th-grade students.

A Narrative-Based Case Study of Language Learning Investment and L2 Identities in the Pakistani EFL Context

Saba Mariam, Dr. Moazzam Ali Malik — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The present study explores how a language learner is inextricably connected with the social world and how the learners invest in negotiating power relations to achieve their L2 identity. The study draws insights from Darvin and Norton’s Investment Model (2015) to unearth how investment contributes to the development of L2 learners’ identity in the Pakistani EFL context. The data were collected from two Pakistani EFL learners with the help of face-to-face interviews. The findings show that investment plays an important role in identity formation which is boosted by other power networks. Furthermore, the data show that the components of the investment model are individually important to support the process of learning and identity formation of EFL learners.

The Association between Video Gaming and Cognitive Abilities: Attention, Memory and Problem Solving in Youth

Dr. Nasim Ishaq — Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The current study aims to analyze the relationship between juvenile video gaming and cognitive skills, with a particular emphasis was on problem-solving, attention, and memory. The foundation for comprehending the cognitive processes involved in video gaming was provided by the theoretical framework of Cognitive Load Theory. Data was collected through a purposive sampling technique; a quantitative analysis was carried out on a sample of 350 young people. The participants' video gaming habits and cognitive abilities were evaluated by the completion of a Likert scale survey questionnaire. The study examined how video games affect attention, memory, and problem-solving abilities, uncovering a mix of positive and negative connections to cognitive functions.The study's findings hold significant importance for policymakers, parents, and educators, offering valuable insights into how video gaming affects the cognitive abilities of youth. It presents recommendations for promoting positive gaming habits and lays the groundwork for further exploration in the field of video game.

Analysis of Twenty-third Amendment of Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Impacts and Prospects

Dr. Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan, Dr. Abida Hassan, Sadia Saeed Rao — Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This research highlights the importance of constitutional amendments and specifically those which were exercised after 18th amendment, when the provinces were given autonomy to regulate their administrative and all other matters with full liberty. Later on also many amendments were adopted by the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973. The most important is 23rd amendment which was passed on 30th of March 2017 which caused a significant change in the history of judicial process. Under this amendment, Military Courts were established which were also established prior to this amendment and those were subject to the amendment of 21st amendment in the Constitution od Pakistan, 1973. This article highlights the pros and cons of establishment of Military Courts and its effects on judicial system of Pakistan as well as on civilians of Pakistan. It is purely qualitative study and based on primary as well as secondary sources. At the end of the article. It has been concluded with precise suggestions.

Effects of Social Media Use on Political Knowledge: Case Study of University of Gujrat

Touheed Ahmad, Dr. Faiza Bajwa, Prof. Dr. Zahid Yousaf — Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Social media is playing a prominent role in providing political knowledge. The present study is concerned with the relationship between the use of social media (Facebook and Tweeter) and political knowledge. The key focus on the study is to meet the objectives to find out the effects of social media on its users. The survey method is used for the quantitative method using the questionnaire as a tool.Present research relies on a quantitative analysis of the results gathered through survey.. Stratified sampling technique is a used for the selection of a sample. Researcher has chosen 250 students of University of Gujrat., Data analysis is done by utilizing the following tools like descriptive statistics analysis, Reliability and chi square.Present study concluded that there is positive association between political knowledge and social media (Tweeter and Face book).

Academic Stress and Coping Strategies among University Students: Case Study of university of the Punjab

Rabia Hameed, Dr. Rashida Jabeen, Dr. Ghazanfar Hussain — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Present study was intended to find the effects of academic stress on individual tendencies to cope with different difficult situations interrelated to learning process. Moreover, it was designed to identify the association between academic stress and used strategies to cope up with the stress. Abilities to understand new learning process and subjects are reassembled to traits which individual adopt to confront a difficult situation. It was a quantitative research by nature and Sample of (N=200) students (n=100 hostilities, n=100 day scholar) were selected using purposive sampling technique from University of the Punjab, Lahore. Correlation analysis was used to test hypothesis of relation between variables, whereas, test of Independent sample of two groups was conducted to find the difference of means of two groups (hostility and day scholar). Results found the significant relationship between variables and coping strategies as significant predictor for academic stress. Mean scores of hostiles and day scholar students are different for academic stress and coping strategies. The study findings suggested that coping startagies need to be measured at higher and secondary level to undersatand the academica and social adjustment of students.

Quality Assurance Frameworks in Higher Education: A Comparative Approach between Developed and Developing Countries

Shaharyar Shoukat, Dr. Zarmina Usman, Muzdalfa Fatima — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Quality assurance has been of great importance in higher education, with globally spread HEIs trying to respond-as best they could-to the increasing demands for academic standards and accountability.The paper compares QA frameworks in higher education in developed countries, namely, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, against developing countries represented by India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. QA has become critical since institutions globally are under pressure to increase their academic standards and ensure accountability in processes. Many differences separate the QA systems in the developed and developing nations, shaped by varying factors that include resources, political influence, and consistency in application. This study adopts a qualitative approach through a content analysis of key documents from six countries, with the selection of 10 documents per country through purposive sampling. The results showed that the QA system in developed countries was well-established and solid, with high-quality standards and frequent evaluations; for developing countries, resource problems and inconsistent use of standards impede progress. It thus advocates that the approaches to QA should be done in a manner to suit each country's specific socio-economic and cultural setting to inform better international practices in QA.

An Analysis of Literary Devices Used in Coke Studio’s Sufi Kalam "Tu Kuja Man Kuja"

Muhammad Hassam ul Haq, Iram Sagheer, Ayesha Gulzar — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aims to analyse and evaluate the various language styles in the Sufi Kalam, exploring their significance, artistic value, and impact on the overall meaning and aesthetic. In this research, the researchers have used a descriptive-qualitative approach to analyse the data, which involved a systematic examination of the content to identify patterns, themes, and meanings. Figurative language in lyrics has two distinct types of meaning: denotative and connotative. The researchers carefully analysed Kalam's lyrics, examining every line and phrase in detail. Through a close examination of figurative language, the researchers sought to uncover both denotative and connotative meanings and describe the Kalam. The study focuses on 16 different sorts of literary devices i.e., rhyme, parable, allegory, parallelism, idioms, metaphors, symbolism, exclamation, imagery, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, theme, allusion, oxymoron, analogies, and so on. The song “Tu Kuja Man Kuja” explores a deep desire for spiritual connection and guidance. It expresses a sense of longing and seeks comfort in times of need. The lyrics aim to find inner peace and unity with a higher power, revealing a fundamental search for purpose, belonging, and spiritual growth.

Analysis of the Defense of Insanity in International Criminal Law

Ali Ajmal, Faiza Rasool — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The objective of this study is to analyze the defense of insanity in international criminal law. The insanity defense is an affirmative defense. Article 31(1)(a) of the Rome Statute 2002 deals with the defense of insanity in international criminal law. The legal doctrinal analysis approach was adopted to study the defense of insanity in international criminal law. The findings suggest that insanity defense is allowed in the International Criminal Court and is dealt with likewise in most of the national jurisdictions across the world. The jurisprudence developed on the insanity defense in international criminal law reflects the important role of medical evidence and expert opinion in deciding the pleas of insanity. However, the criteria for the insanity defense given in 31(1)(a) of the Rome Statute 2002 need to be amended considering the latest developments in mental health and behavioral sciences.

Impact of School Layouts on Student Learning and Interaction: A Comparative Analysis of Linear and Courtyard Designs in Educational Environments

Naveed Ahmad, Ubaid Ullah, Zobia — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aims to explore the impact of school layouts on students' learning, behavior, and interactions within educational environments. By examining both government and private schools featuring linear and courtyard designs, the research investigates how different spatial arrangements influence student movement, engagement, and social interactions. Utilizing space syntax analysis, observational study and activity log, this study found how students navigated and utilized various school spaces, with a particular focus on circulation areas such as hallways, and courtyards. The findings reveal that the organization of school spaces has a significant impact on student interaction patterns. Specifically, courtyard layouts were found to facilitate more frequent and meaningful interactions among students from different grades, enhancing social cohesion. The study underscores the importance of considering physical design as a critical factor in shaping students' learning experiences. It recommends that schools, irrespective of their type, adopt layouts that promote better interaction and engagement among students.

Geopolitics of Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean: The Strategic Partnership between China and Pakistan

Aysha Abid, Dr. Bibi Saira Nouman — Fri, 02 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Pakistan's maritime sector is one of the most underutilized industries. The maritime economy serves as the foundation for modern international politics. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) maritime strategic partnership on the geopolitical landscape of the Indian Ocean. The research aims to build a knowledge of the complicated connections between factors associated with the Indian Ocean Region and the maritime industry of Pakistan. The US's maritime policy shift toward India served as an impetus for China's and Pakistan's increased cooperation. A descriptive method with secondary data sources were used in the exploratory research design to investigate different dynamics associated with maritime trade security. For examination under this research framework, a detailed analysis of literature, including research papers, and journals from both local and foreign sources has been done. A cooperative maritime geopolitical strategy with an integrated approach of FDI is the expected solution for maritime trade security issues in the Indian Ocean.

Effectiveness of Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Depression among Infertile Women

Dr. Sarwat Sultana, Dr. Asbah Mohsin, Dr. Asia Atique — Fri, 02 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CaCBT) in reducing depression among infertile women in South Punjab, Pakistan. Infertility is linked to significant psychological distress, particularly depression, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive interventions. CaCBT, based on the "Khushi and Khatoon" manual, aligns with the cultural context of Pakistani women, offering a relevant therapeutic approach. Initially study was conducted with 284 infertile women from Bahawalpur, Multan, and Rahim Yar Khan. Then sixty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received CaCBT weekly session of 60-80 minutes, or the control group, which received no intervention. Depression levels were measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and during follow-up. Results showed a significant reduction in depression among the experimental group, suggesting long-term benefits of CaCBT. The study underscores the need for culturally adapted interventions in health care settings of Pakistan.

Geopolitical Changing Dynamics of Pak - India Relations during 2012 to 2022: An Analysis

Faiz Ahmed, Dr. Jamshed Ali Baloch, Dr. Humera — Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This article aims to analyze the significant geopolitical shifts in Pakistan-India relations from 2012 to 2022, focusing on key events and their implications for regional stability. The period witnessed fluctuating tensions and sporadic diplomatic engagements, marked by critical incidents such as the 2016 Uri attack and the 2019 Pulwama attack, which escalated military confrontations. Efforts towards peace, including the 2015 Ufa meeting and the Kartarpur Corridor initiative, reflected intermittent attempts at rapprochement. However, India's abrogation of Article 370 in 2019 further intensified the geopolitical rivalry, significantly affecting regional dynamics. The study employs a qualitative analysis of key diplomatic and military events, supplemented by a review of policy responses and their impact on bilateral relations. The research highlights the complex interplay of national security concerns, domestic politics, and international influences that shaped the trajectory of Pakistan-India relations during this decade. Strengthening diplomatic channels and confidence-building measures is essential to mitigate tensions and foster long-term regional stability.

Neo-liberalism Theory: Trilateral Relations of Iran-China and Saudi Arabia

Dr. Saima Butt, Tanzeela Aziz Bhatti — Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This article deals with the emergence alliance between Iran-Saudi Arabia and China which is significant for the Middle Eastern economy. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential opportunities and the challenges that each country may face in terms of economic integration and collaboration. The neoliberal approach is applied by the researcher to investigate China’s interest and especially economic cooperation with both states. In order to understand the economic cooperation of Iran-Saudi Arabia and China, qualitative methodology i.e. historical and descriptive types of research are been applied. Moreover, secondary sources of data collections are been used. The study shows that the post-deal relations between Suadi arabia and Iran has been improved and further paves the way for stabilizing middle eastern region with assistance of China. It is recommended that both muslim states should comply with international standards while cooprtatiing with China to maintain regional peace and stability.

Socio-Economic Development through Regional Organizations: A Study of the Implementation of Agenda 2063 by the African Union (AU) in Collaboration with China

Muhammad Amjad Raza, Dr. Abdul Basit Khan — Sun, 04 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The African Union (AU) unveiled Agenda 2063 in 2013 which is a strategic framework that sets sights on wide-ranging growth, international collaborations and sustainable development, with a special focus on infrastructure development. While aligning the objectives of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) with those of Agenda 2063, China has also emerged as a key stakeholder in the economic wellbeing of the African continent. The instant study explores the evolving role and status of the AU with special reference to its collaboration with China in terms of socio-economic development of the continent by examining key areas of this partnership with respect to the implementation of Agenda 2063, the impact of these interactions on Africa's development, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead of the parties involved. By analysing the AU's strategies and initiatives in engaging with China, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at play in this crucial partnership and the potential pathways for enhancing Africa's global standing through effective regional diplomacy and cooperation. It qualitatively analyses the official reports, statements, literature and public records and finds that the AU has proved quite influential and successful forum for the transformation of this “hopeless continent” into a hopeful region for its inhabitants, nevertheless, this vigilance and activism shuld be kept alive until the attainment of all the desired goals.

Chinese Work Ethics: An excellent opportunity for Pakistan through CPEC

Dr. Reema Murad — Mon, 05 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

CPEC, a game-changer megaproject has shown that Pakistan can learn a great deal from Chiense work ethics, rich history and cultural heritage that is deeply influenced by Confucianism. China has proved its economic grit through different transitions ranging from Mao’s Great Leap Forward to a more open market approach in the 1990s. This study explores how Pakistan can learn from and assimilate both countries different work cultures in order to facilitate CPEC. Qualitative method is used through analyzing research articles, books, and internet sources to analyze how Chiense work ethics can influence Pakistan. Understanding Chinese work ethic can pave the way for bridging cultural divides to ecouragmutual respect and understanding . There is a need to engage all stakeholders involved to achieve a deeper understanding of norms and workplace cultures in Pakistan. in order to ensure the advancement of research and development which is vital for the advancement of CPEC.

Impact of Assistive Technology on Reading Comprehension Skills in Students with Learning Disabilities

Dr. Muhammad Javed Aftab, Narmeen Irfan, Faisal Amjad — Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study examines the difficulties encountered during the adoption of assistive technology (AT) and proposes successful approaches. It also investigates the influence of AT on reading comprehension abilities of children with learning disabilities. Integration of AT in classroom has revolutionized the delivery of education for students with learning challenges. AT encompasses a diverse array of digital technologies designed to enhance academic performance and functional capabilities. Graphic organizers and text-to-speech softwares are tools that support the creation of personalized learning environments in accordance with the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Two hundred special education teachers took part in a quantitative methodology. Findings indicate that educators had predominantly favorable perceptions, with significant in claimed advantages depending on gender, designation and region. In order to optimize the integration of AT in inclusive educational practices, it is recommended to prioritize research activities, push for governmental funding, enhance professional development and foster cooperative collaborations.

Impact of Occupational Burnout on Professional Skills of Speech Therapists in Special Education Centers of Twin Cities

Muhammad Afnan Haider, Rijab Yousaf, Zobia Shabbir — Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The current study aimed to study the impact of occupational burnout on professional skills of speech therapists in special education centers Pakistan. Speech therapists working in special education facilitate their patients at their best. A variety of conditions can have an impact on workers' health and well-being, but burnout syndrome (BS) is one of the most frequently stated. The cross-sectional study with non probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from different special education centers. Data was collected from 80 participants in 6 months. The study result revealed that a negative relationship exists between burnout levels and speech therapist proficiency in delivering therapeutic interventions (r = -0.5, p 0.01). Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that burnout was associated with a loss in professional skills (= -0.25, p = 0.02). Create organizational policies that foster a helpful and nurturing workplace environment for speech therapists.

Hydro-Imperialism: China's Water Dominance and the Transformation of Global Geopolitical Power

Syed Rizwan Haider Bukhari — Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study explores the effects of China’s hydro-imperialism, where control over upstream rivers is strategically used to assert geopolitical influence. China’s extensive dam-building on rivers flowing from the Tibetan Plateau significantly impacts downstream nations across social, economic, and environmental fronts. Through a qualitative synthesis of existing research and policy documents, the study reveals profound socio-economic consequences, such as community displacement, disrupted livelihoods, and power imbalances in water negotiations. Environmentally, it points to a loss of biodiversity and altered river ecosystems. Geopolitically, China's dominance reshapes regional dynamics, underscoring the urgent need for stronger governance frameworks. Future research should focus on in-depth assessments of these long-term impacts, explore innovative governance solutions, and foster international cooperation to ensure fair and sustainable water management.
China, Environmental Consequences, Geopolitical Dynamics, Hydro-Imperialism, Socio-Economic Impacts, Trans-Boundary Rivers, Water Governance

Role of Academic Integrity in the Relationship between Imposter Phenomenon and Mental Health among University Students

Saira Khalil, Farah Aqil, Noor us Saba Jadoon — Fri, 09 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study examines the relationship between the Imposter Phenomenon (IP), academic integrity, and mental health among university students, focusing on the potential mediating role of academic integrity. Using a sample of 441 students from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, the research employed the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), Academic Integrity Scale (AIS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results showed that IP is significantly linked to poorer mental health, supporting the hypothesis that higher imposter tendencies lead to increased psychological distress. However, academic integrity neither predicted mental health nor mediated the relationship between IP and mental health. The study emphasizes the need for further research to explore other factors that may affect these relationships and develop interventions to support students experiencing IP and improve mental health outcomes.

The Universality of Kroeber’s Framework of Kinship: An Overview

Faryal Gill, Dr. Muhammad Rashid Hafeez — Fri, 09 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The field of kinship, described as a world of shared human ties arose from the pioneering work of L.H. Morgan, who investigated Native American kin systems and categorized the terms into two types: classificatory and descriptive. The extent of this classification was deemed to be limited by proponents of human universals, and then Kroeber provided a universal etic framework of kinship to characterize kin systems and draw comparisons between different systems. Kroeber's universals of kinship served as the foundation for numerous studies spanning from anthropology to sociolinguistics. With the help of predominant studies in the field, this study aims to demonstrate that despite criticism from adherents of new kinship constructs who believe in the theory of behavior and performance, the genealogical and procreation constructs still stand tall and provide a common foundation for the construction of kinship systems that use a finite set of units for linguistic code configuration as empirical evidence.

Internal Stigmatization, Emotional Regulation and Relationship Satisfaction among Caregivers of Persons with Bipolar Disorder

Hamna Rizwan, Dr. Sarah Shahed — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between internal stigmatization, emotional regulation, and relationship satisfaction among caregivers of bipolar patients. Persons living with and looking after their loved ones having bipolar disorder experience different types and intensity of burden which may affect their own well being as well as caregiving. 150 men and women caregivers of bipolar patients were approached from hospitals in Lahore. Measures included demographic sheet, Stigma Scale for the Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness, Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and Relationship Satisfaction Scale. Internal stigmatization is negatively correlated with emotion regulation and relationship satisfaction while relationship satisfaction and emotional regulation are positively correlated. Internal stigmatization is a significant negative predictor of relationship satisfaction. Gender differences were observed in emotional regulation. Treatment of bipolar patients should have family focused approach. The therapists must consider care giver’s burden while designing interventions.

Sociolinguistic Continuity and Change: A Study of Indexical Bleaching

Maryam Saba, Liaqat Iqbal — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

With the invention of various social media platforms, new forms of language have evolved. The present study explores the process of indexical bleaching that often leads to various changes in meaning due to re-contextualization, circulation and adoption. For this purpose, the data has been collected from X in the form of Hashtags by using a purposive sampling technique, which is then analyzed by the researchers using indexical bleaching as a framework by Lauren Squires. The findings show that media plays an important role in adoption and circulation of meaning due to recontextualization, where words like moye moye, absolutely not, Islamic touch, and software updated were adopted, recontexulaized and recirculated. This helped in meaning variations. This research is useful in studying language change that will assist sociolinguists in exploring the role of media and other important similar contexts in investing language.

Evaluating the Community and Conventional Policing Structure: A Case of Sindh

Rabel Mangi, Shah Faisal Shah, Shuhab ud Din Shaikh — Sun, 11 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study analyzes community and conventional policing strategies in Sindh, Pakistan, focusing on their effectiveness in crime prevention and community engagement. Traditional policing has been criticized for its lack of adaptability, leading to the rise of community policing, which emphasizes public participation and trust-building between law enforcement and the public. However, despite its advantages, such as improved crime prevention and better police-community relations, community policing in Sindh faces challenges like limited resources, institutional resistance, and persistent mistrust within communities. Through a qualitative approach, including new artitles of law enforcement officials and community members, the study finds that community policing is more effective than conventional methods. Yet, its implementation remains hindered by various barriers. The research suggests increasing resources for community initiatives, addressing institutional resistance, and fostering sustained community-police partnerships to maximize the potential of community policing.

Exploring the Role of AI-Driven Speech Recognition System in Supporting Inclusive Education for Hearing Impaired Students in Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Javed Aftab, Faisal Amjad, Hira Chaudhry — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study investigates how AI-driven speech recognition systems can make inclusive education better for hearing impaired students in Pakistan. The research, which uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method, is based on teachers' opinions on the effectiveness of these technologies. We randomly selected 240 teachers from general schools to gather their perspectives on the advantages and challenges of AI-driven speech recognition systems. We gave rational people two options for answering the questionnaire, both in person and online, to ensure representation from a variety of educational settings. The results confirm that these technologies significantly improved class participation, listening to commands and other activities, and increased inclusivity for hearing-impaired students. Particularly the ones with more practice, mostly instructors in rural areas, showed a better reaction to the machines. The study is a sign that there is a need for specialized training and adequate strategies to make the most of AI systems in diverse educational settings. Suggestions include creating preferential training sessions, targeting distinct integration strategies based on individual school environments, and providing affixed support for these systems. Further, this research for information systems professionals will focus on conducting further investigation into the effects of AI-driven speech recognition on deafness, including the use of advanced technology in the development of future inclusive educational systems.

Association between Job Stress and Personality of Teachers in Punjab, Pakistan

Mehwish Jabeen, Dr. Abida Nasreen — Tue, 13 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The fundamental aim of this research was to explore correlation amid Job Stress and Persona of Secondary School Teachers of Punjab, Pakistan. This quantitative Study with correlational design focused on understanding how job stress relates with personalities of teachers in the region. Random sampling was done and 768 male and female secondary school teachers were selected with equal proportion. Two instruments, the Teacher Stress Inventory and Big Five Inventory-10, were adopted. Pilot testing was done to explore instruments’ reliability.838 and .784 respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) was applied for data examination. The null hypothesis was rejected, results revealed a moderate but significant association between scores of job stress and all personality dimensions, with Pearson correlation values ranging from .333 to .447. Together, educational institutes and teachers may play their part in reducing job stress through proper support and resources along with awareness regarding personalities.

Teachings and Instructions of Islam about Cleanliness and Hygiene in the Light of Quran and Hadiths

Muhammad Abdul Raziq, Dr. Nasrullah Khan, Mufti Muhammad Maroof — Wed, 14 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study aimed to examine Islamic teachings on hygiene and cleanliness, as outlined in the Quran and Hadith, and to offer practical recommendations for adopting these practices. Islam regards cleanliness as integral to both physical health and spiritual purity. Despite this, contemporary attention to hygiene, particularly in daily practices and educational systems, remains inadequate. Therefore, it is crucial to revisit and promote Islamic guidelines to enhance public health and hygiene standards. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzed relevant Quranic verses and Hadiths, drawing on primary religious texts and secondary literature. The thematic analysis underscored Islam's detailed guidance on personal and environmental hygiene, which are essential for preventing diseases and fostering overall well-being. The study concludes that integrating Islamic hygiene principles into educational curricula and raising global awareness of these practices would significantly contribute to public health and spiritual wellness.

Navigating the Dual Crisis: High-Performance Housing as a Solution for Climate and Socio-Economic Challenges in Multan, Pakistan

Anum Aleha, Omer Shujat Bhatti, Sarah Siddiqui — Wed, 14 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study intended to assess how the public in the selected areas deal with effects of climate change through high-performance architecture prioritization in future. Like many other countries in the world and cities including Multan, Pakistan suffers from the consequences of climate change including heatwaves, flooding and energy crises. These woes are compounded by the fact that Multan has not developed optimized housing to any extent. A cross sectional survey was done in three city zones adopting open ended questionnaires using a purposive sample of 75 respondents. Analysis showed that there was heightened need for enhanced housing, however due to decline in economic cycles, socio-economic status, poor inter-relational frameworks, and lack of sound governance, people cant afford to opt for high-performance architecture. It was proposed that these challenges be met through proper planning and integration of public-private partnership.

Effect of Video Lectures on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Biology: An Experimental Study

Farhana Kazmi, Dr. Muhammad Asghar Ali, Dr. Muhammad Jamil Bajwa — Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The purpose of study was to examine the effect of video lectures on academic achievement of students in biology at secondary level. This study empirically tested effectiveness of video lectures on students’ achievement. In this research experimental and post-test equivalent group design was used. The sample was students of 9th class studying Biology in Kashmir Model High School Dhulli, district Bagh, Pakistan. The researcher divided sample in to two groups; an experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using projector and control group was taught by traditional lecture method. The findings revealed that there is significance difference between the achievement of experimental and control groups. The Cohen’s d value is above 2 shows high effect of video lectures on academic achievement. It is recommended that the video lectures should be used for the teaching of Biology at secondary level.

The Concept of Ratification of Treaties and Protocols in Public International Law and Their Non-Binding Effects on Developing Countries' Sovereignty: A Case Study of Pakistan

Muhammad Afzal, Dr. Shahzada Aamir Mushtaq — Fri, 16 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

International treaties and protocols are a dilemma for developing nations like Pakistan. Hence, this study evaluates their ratification under public international law. Ratification, a rigorous process of approving a treaty, often fails due to domestic and global issues. Poor nations like Pakistan have greater challenges due to low economic resources, institutional competence, and political resolve. This study uses doctrinal and qualitative methods to evaluate legal texts, international treaties, and secondary sources to determine ratification and compliance criteria. Case studies explore Pakistan's human rights, environmental, and trade treaty experience. Geopolitics and domestic restraints hinder Pakistan's treaty compliance and execution gap. Pakistan's strategic location, ties to key nations, and geopolitics influence its treaty practices. Pakistan's international compliance is affected by national security and regional issues in the case study. The paper suggests supporting emerging states with international support and flexible ways and aligning ratification and implementation.

Organizational Environment: A Case of Public Secondary Schools Lahore

Azmat Uzma, Dr. Hina Munir — Sun, 18 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The research study was conducted to find the organizational environment in terms of principals’ leadership behavior and also in terms of teachers’ behavior at secondary level. The research study was quantitative with the survey method. The population comprises public secondary schools from the Lahore district. Two-stage sampling technique was used to collect the data. In the first stage, stratified random sampling in the second stage simple random sampling technique was used. Overall, the total number of the participant were 40 secondary schools and 480 teachers. Adapted questionnaire was used and analyzed by using the SPSS. On the basis of analysis, the high level of agreement was found on the organizational environment in terms of principals' leadership behavior and also in terms of teachers’ behavior. It is recommended that future research focused on the comparison between the teachers’ and principals’ perception as well regarding the organizational environment.

Relationship between Globalization and Growth in Developing Economies: A Robust Panel Data Analysis

Aziz Ahmad Khan, Sara Noreen, Mohammad Farooq — Mon, 19 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study aims to examine the relationship between globalization and economic growth across a panel of developing economies. The steps toward globalization have been multifaceted and complex, involving a range of economic, political, and technological factors. The study used the panel dataset of 68 developing economies from 2000 to 2024 and applied the different regression techniques to assess the relationship between globalization and economic growth. The results presented a positive relationship between dynamic term of economic globalization on economic growth, and negative association between financial globalization and economic growth. Based on the findings, the study suggested that governments should continue to prioritize policies that promote economic globalization e.g., free trade agreements and foreign direct investment. However, the negative impact of financial globalization on growth cannot be ignored. The authorities have to mitigate the risks associated with financial globalization, such as excessive volatility in financial markets and exposure to external shocks.

A Historical Analysis of Spread of Islam in Kashmir during the rule of Shah Miri Dynasty (1339-1556)

Amar Jahangir, Riffat Naseer, Samreen Haider Naqvi — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The region of Kashmir is known as paradise on earth by virtue of its picturesque beauty, unique geographical location, civilization, culture and people. Since the establishment of Muslim rule in Kashmir, a large number of preachers of Islam entered Kashmir from Central Asia, who played a key role in the reformation of the social structure along with religious propagation. The main objective of this study is to digout the historical role of Sanits, Sufis and Ulmas in spreading Islam during Shah Miri rule. Islam began to spread rapidly in Kashmir with the establishment of Shah Mir's rule in 1339, but this religion had mainly entered the region in the 8th century. The main credit for the spread of Islam goes to the Saints, Ulmas and Sufis during the reign of Shah Meri dynasty. In this paper, a historical and descriptive analysis of the subject has been described.

Socioeconomic Structures in the Arab Gulf States and Democracy

Muhammad Azam — Fri, 23 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The objective of this study is to examine the media, economic, and education sectors, while also assessing the state of civil society and human rights in the Gulf region during the first decade of the twenty-first century. In the wake of September 11, 2001 events, the ruling Arab dynasties of the Gulf faced significant pressure from the American government to liberalize their political, social, and economic frameworks. This research study is grounded in both primary and secondary source materials. The challenge faced by the Gulf region is not one of low literacy rates, but rather pertains to the quality and nature of the education. The economic status of the Gulf states may be characterized as economic monarchism. The most alarming conditions are evident in the realm of human rights.Reforms to raise the standard of education in the region are needed in order to uphold democratic ideals

A New Historicist Analysis of Ahmed Ali's Twilight in Delhi

Muhammad Hamad, Rafiq Nawab, Ramzan Ali Shah — Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the novel Twilight in Delhi by Ahmed Ali through the lens of New Historicism which highlights the connection between the literature and the historical period of the work creation. Holding the background of early twentieth-century Delhi, the novel portrays the social and political turn of the Mughal empire and the British rule. The method used for this research paper is qualitative method with descriptive approach. This paper seeks to determine how the text portrays a decaying Delhi through comparing the narrative representation of the social relations and contexts with the documented histories and cultural text from the period of British colonialism and the resulting social crises for a society as depicted by Ali. The analysis of the novel and new historicist approach leads to the key argument, suggesting that Ali points at a postcolonial disintegration of the city and its decaying culture as a metaphor for the breakdown of the civilization under colonial rule. Consequently, this paper affirms that Twilight in Delhi is not only a literary piece, but also a historical account that opens a window into the cultural and political climate of the period. Hopefully the findings of this research will help the future researchers to study the novel from the historical, social and political context.

Exploring the Profound Impact of Social Media, Self-Identity and Mental Health in Today's Digital Age

Dr. Kashifa Yasmeen, Hassan Imran, Tayyeba Ahmad — Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This study examined the impact of social media on self-identity and mental health, focusing on anxiety and depression among young adults. As social media became integral to daily life, understanding its effects on mental well-being, particularly among vulnerable groups, was essential. Using a quantitative approach, researchers analyzed responses from n=300 young adults aged 18-30 through structured surveys measuring social media usage, self-esteem, social comparison, anxiety, and depression. Findings indicated that females experienced higher anxiety and depression levels than males, while those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds faced greater mental health challenges. Factors like lower self-esteem and increased social comparison were linked to poorer outcomes. The study underscored the need for targeted interventions addressing gender and socioeconomic disparities, advocating for future research to explore longitudinal effects and include diverse populations for enhanced generalizability.

The Nuclear Paradox: Assessing Asymmetric Strategies in Iran and North Korea's Nuclear Programs

Muhammad Sheharyar Khan, Dr. Saddaf Sultaana — Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The objective of this research is to assess the asymmetric strategies in Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program. The proliferation of nuclear weapons represents one of the most complex challenges to global security, with Iran and North Korea as two key actors. Both states have developed nuclear programs that reflect not only their quest for deterrence but also their regime survival strategies. This research employs descriptive and comparative analysis to examine historical, theoretical, and strategic aspects of nuclear proliferation in both states. The analysis reveals that Iran and North Korea have utilized their nuclear programs as key tools for deterring external threats and maintaining regime stability. The findings call for a reassessment of current policy approaches towards them, emphasizing the need for refined strategies that consider the unique deterrence and survival motivations behind their nuclear programs. It also recommends policy adjustments to address the challenges posed by their nuclear quest to enhance regional and global security.

Over-Tourism: A Potential Threat to Gilgit Baltistan’s Environment, Social and Cultural Heritage

Amna Malik, Noor Fatima — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

For the last few years, tourism has witnessed a rapid increase globally. The term over tourism comes to prominence as one of the highly discussed problems regarding tourism by mainstream media and different environmental organizations. The main objective of the article is to discuss the negative impacts of over-tourism on the environment as well as on the socio-cultural heritage of the regions of Gilgit Baltistan. The emergence of mass tourism in a single season affects many aspects of this region ranging from basic commodities to the social and cultural life of the locals.. Unregulated land development leads to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion as infrastructure is built to accommodate the tourist flow. Methodology used for this research is based on the survey questionnair where respondent was given question in close ended form. Secondly desktop method is used where previous research were taken as supportive literature to give effectiveness of the primary data .The research finding highlights the negative impact of the over tourism on the environment as well as on the social-cultural structure of the locals of the Gilgit Baltistan. To overcome this issue government must focus on ecotourism and local people participation in policy making can reduce the negative impact of tourism in the region.

Impact of Varying Levels of Physical Activity on Addictive Nature of Social-Media and its Association with Sleep Quality: A Correlational Perspective

Abaid-ul-Rehman, Dr. Asif Ali, Dr. Muhammad Azam — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

To study the connection between physical activity and social media addiction, and its association with quality of sleep among university students was this study’s primary goal. In contemporary times, scholars have shown a growing interest in investigating the impact of varying factors on human health. Therefore, through a quantitative research design, data was collected from 409 participants aged 18 to 25 in years. Data collection tools comprised of demographic information, IPAQ, BSMAS and PSQI. Results indicate notable levels of sedentary lifestyles (42.8%) and poor sleep quality (56.5%) alongside high rates of social media addiction (90.7%) among participants. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive association between physical activity and subjective sleep quality. However, increased social media addiction, particularly in the relapse component, was associated with decreased subjective sleep quality. These findings highlight the significance of holistic health interventions targeting physical activity and recommend the promotion of improved sleep outcomes among students.

Exploration of Teaching Practices regarding Use of Digital Tools: An Observational Study

Dr. Azhar Majeed Qureshi, Dr. Shafia Baber, Dr. Tayyibah Roohi — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The objective of this research was to explore how teachers integrate digital tools into their teaching practices. A case study was the chosen research design for the research study. Video recordings of classroom sessions used to monitor the precise teaching strategies, the kinds of DTs used, and the degree of student participation. All Punjabi public-school teachers who were involved in the "e-learn Punjab" project were the study's participants. The primary findings of this study were that science instructor’s desire appropriate time to plan for change and to practice the teaching technique through nutrition. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to the government to increase funding allocated to schools for the upkeep of digital tools, involve various school stakeholders in the creation of digital content, videos, and lectures, improve the e-learn project and incorporate feedback from teachers implementing it in the real world.

Chinese Facet: A Culturally Sensitive Account of Human Rights

Sehar Atbar, Muhammad Dawood Umar, Sibghat Ullah Bajwa — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This paper aims to accentuate Chinese attributes of human rights that are fairly unexplored both within and outside China. The paper uses qualitative methodology and endeavors to distinguish Chinese version of human rights from universal “one size fit all model” by tracing the basis of human rights in distinct Chinese history, and theoretical and ideological underpinnings of Marxism and Maoism. Moreover, as an exclusive contribution to the existing literature, this paper used 3 dimensions of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory to understand culture bound conception of human rights in China that is based primarily based on Confucianism. After having related Hofstede’s dimensions of Power Distance Index, Uncertainty Avoidance Index and Individualism vs Collectivism to human rights tradition of Confucianism in China, the relevance of these dimensions is traced in Modern Chinese constitution. The findings reveal that China has distinct genesis of human rights based on its cultural traditions and historical emergence which is distinct from western predominantly U.S dictated version of human rights based on notions of universalism, individuality, inalienability and indivisibility.

China's Economic Influence in Central Asia: An Analysis of the Xi Jinping Era (2013-2023)

Khalid Saeed, Dr. Ali Shan Shah — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

This paper examines China’s growing economic power in Central Asia during Xi Jinping's presidency, specifically the BRI, trade, investment, and energy. The aim is to evaluate the Chinese economic policies introduced into the countries' infrastructures, financial systems, and political contexts. This study analyses published books and articles, official papers, international trade statistics, and case studies related to Chinese projects in Central Asia. This paper findsout China has raised its economic engagement, creating problems related to relying heavily on loans, adverse effects on the environment, and the labor practices of locals. While China has encouraged regional development, it has also created some economic weaknesses for the Central Asian countries. The recommendation focuses on the diversification of the economic relations, the advancement of the regional integration, and the simplification and the adoption of sustainable development principles to avoid overdependency on China.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Colonial Oppression Richard Wagamese's Indian Horse and Michelle Good's Five Little Indians

Kashif Muhammad, Dr. Bilal Khan, Dr. Muhammad Ilyas — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The aim of this paper is to provide a postcolonial reading of Richard Wagamese ’s Indian Horse and Michelle Good’s Five Little Indians using critical discourse analysis as a framework. Both works of fiction focus on the violent history of the Canadian residential schools which attempted to strip the indigenous children off their culture and abuse them in other ways. By applying a CDA approach, this research explores how the writers have presented the discursive processes of colonization, cultural genocide and the prevailing cycles of trauma amongst native people. The study is qualitative in nature where the text of the novels has been analyzed through the three dimensional model of CDA presented by Fairclough. The study shows various ways in which the native people have faced colonial oppression as depicted in the selected novels. The study recommends to explore the the novels through the theoretical prespectives of psychoanalysis.

From Exclusion to Inclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistani Inheritance Laws and International Best Practices for Women's Empowerment

Muhammad Babar Shaheen, Hafiza Madiha Shehzadi, Muhammad Hassan Sajjad — Mon, 02 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Women are considered to be the most vulnerable organ of society and hence face many difficulties in their social, economic, and domestic lives. This article examines how women might gain empowerment through their inheritance rights. It also examines Pakistan's international commitments, best practices regarding women’s empowerment, and various national and international statutes in detail. This article concludes that various national and international legal frameworks, including Islamic laws, are available to protect women's inheritance rights in Pakistan. However, it is observed that the majority of Pakistani society does not adhere to these legal and Islamic regulations. Most of the women in our society financially depend on males and they feel fear of social breakup, pressure, and fighting with family due to lack of knowledge of their legal and Islamic right of inheritance. Deprivation of women from their inherited shares through freaky devices such as wills, gifts, or under the garb of custom, family honor, or regional culture as well as under coercion is rampant which is a clog in women’s empowerment. This research highlights the gaps in Pakistani inheritance laws compared to international best practices for women's empowerment, aiming to highlight pathways toward more equitable systems.

Seeking Adventure: Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Sensation Seeking among University Students

Rahma Sohail, Aminah Nusrat, Ayesha Umar — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The study at present aims to find a relationship between sensation seeking and emotional intelligence among the university students in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. In the present age, there is an increase in the degree of sensation seeking in university students. Emotional intelligence has been since the humanity arose in the history. The university students from cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad constituted the universe of the present research. The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and brief version of Sensation Seeking scale by Zuckerman were used to gather data. The results obtained via statistical analysis found a positive correlation between sensation seeking and no significant differences in sensation seeking in males and females. No significant variation in emotional intelligence of males and females were found. The results also found that emotional intelligence explained 17 % variance in sensation seeking. Our results suggest that it would be worthwhile to expand the treatment of sensation seeking to investigate a broader range of outcomes and within the scope of developmental tasks that accompany the transition to adulthood. Doing so might eventually lead to a better understanding of how sensation seeking might be channeled towards healthy rather than health-compromising outcomes.

Assessment of Knowledge regarding Neonatal Jaundice among Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals Lahore

Aqsa Ramzan, Iqra Munir Alam, Zar Nigar — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding neonatal jaundice working in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore. Neonatal jaundice, common pediatric condition, effect to sixty percent infants at full-term and eighty percent premature infants within their first week. This descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 80 nurses using a 5% margin of error. Data was collected from NICU nurses involved in direct patient care through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 25. The results of the study show that the majority of participants were aged 20-25 years (52.5%), with a predominantly female group (93.8%). In terms of knowledge about neonatal jaundice, 68.8% of participants had fair knowledge, 23.8% had poor knowledge, and only 7.5% demonstrated good knowledge. Implement continuous education and training programs on neonatal jaundice for nurses and encourage further research to explore factors affecting nurses