Annals of Human and Social Sciences

The Role of Video Games in Shaping Behavior Among Pakistani Youth: A Case Study of Zain Ali

Zainab Asad Janjua, Dr. Saleem Abbas — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study examines the effects of video games, particularly PUBG, on the behavior of youth in Pakistan. The research employed the case study method and applied the framework of cultivation theory. The following research is based on the case of Zain Ali, which occurred in 2022. The data has been collected from major newspapers such as Dawn, The Express Tribune, and Gulf News; social media platforms including Facebook and Twitter; and broadcast media reports from Sach News Channel and Humara Pakistan Channel. It sheds light on the relationship between gaming addiction, psychological distress, and societal impact. Some of the issues include problematic video game use, increase in aggression, social loneliness, and conflict with the family. As for the context, family and economic factors play a role in how teenagers approach gaming. This study’s findings highlight the urgent need for legal action, parental guidance, psychological support, and awareness programs to prevent and treat gaming disorder and its effects on youth. The study also suggests avenues for further research in this area.

The Enduring Role of Grit in Driving Learning Goal Orientation

Nasreen Gul, Dilawar Khan Durrani, Muhammad Masood Babar — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study investigates the relationship between grit and learning goal orientation, and examines whether age moderates this relationship among employees in the private banking sector of Quetta. Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a key predictor of motivation and learning behavior. Understanding its connection with learning goal orientation helps explain employees’ adaptability and performance in dynamic service industries such as banking, where continuous learning is critical. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from a convenience sample of 388 bank employees in Quetta. Validated scales measured grit and learning goal orientation. Correlation analysis, ordinary least squares regression, and hierarchical moderation models were applied. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between grit and learning goal orientation. However, age showed no significant association with learning goal orientation and did not moderate the grit–learning goal orientation relationship. Thus, both younger and older employees displayed similar patterns. Banks should focus on fostering grit through training and mentoring programs to enhance employee learning orientation regardless of age. Future studies may explore additional moderators such as organizational culture and job tenure.

Instagram Usage and Mental Health Impact on Undergraduate Students of Pakistan

Abdul Razaque Chhachhar, Mukhtiar Ali Jamali, Simra Nasir Shaikh — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The main objectives of this study were that how Instagram affects the users psychologically and make depressed them. the higher-level reliance on Instagram reliance faced more isolation and social inferiority. This highlight that though this application purposes for connectivity, its purposeless usage can absurdly drag users to emotional breakdown and decrease mutual interaction in the young society. Learners may prefer digital existence over purposeful direct communication, which makes a worse feeling of loneliness. This research study observes that how usage of Instagram affects trauma, depression and other psychological diseases in 300 Pakistani undergraduate students. The quantitative research methods approach was applied where researcher collected data through online survey and the researcher sent questionnaire to 350 respondents for getting their response where 300 given their response of the questions Instagram from students of various departments. In the study usage pattern of Instagram and demographic details along with psychological effects with measuring frequencies and percentages were observed. The data was analysed by using SPSS software version 28 for data analysis and interpretations where results show that there are both positive and negative impacts where several undergraduates observed tension and stress, physical diseases due to excessive usage of Instagram. Nevertheless, few findings suggest about social circles and updates and information. Numerical findings more suggest that 40% of undergraduates use Instagram 2 to 4 hours in a day, 56.7 % are female, and more than half (57 %) report stress after use of Instagram. Study reveals these trends in individual and as well as in group perceptions.

Artificial Intelligence as a Pedagogical Scaffold in K–12 Language and Literacy Education

Shazia Hamid, Saira Abbas — Wed, 08 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The artificial intelligence (AI) in language and literacy teaching at K-12 has expanded the opportunities of individualization in language learning. This systematic review, using the theory of sociocultural learning developed by Vygotsky and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in its explanations, describes the support of scaffolding learning provided by AI-powered education technologies in K12- language classroom settings. Drawing on the outcomes of empirical data gathered during the period of 2020-25, this review aims to synthesize the prior studies to understand how adaptive technologies, including ChatGPT, Grammarly, and Duolingo, can influence the needs of learners by providing real-time feedback, natural language processing, and content adaptation. The results confirm AI systems as similar to MKO dynamic mediators that fill in gaps in the capacity of learners to negotiate the ZPD. The implications of this research based on the AI-based tools is that the tooling should encourage equal, and non-discriminatory, language learning. It also requires cooperative consultation between educators, AI developers and policymakers in order to influence the moral integration within school curricula. Building on prior empirical work, this review is one of several contributors to current debate regarding the extent to which intelligent technology can be a pedagogic agent that supports individualized and scaffolded language learning at scale.

Comprehensive Methodological approach for Documenting a Living Cultural Heritage: Using Case example of Mazar of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Sindh

Dr. Masooma Shakir — Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article uses the notion of ‘living heritage’ for case of a valuable heritage site where tangible and intangible values are of importance. Outlining a comprehensive framework for documentation, the following paper highlights the multiscaled, multidimensioned nature of such heritage and what keeps it living. Using the case of Mazar of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai in Sindh, a site of religious and cultural importance, this paper outlines methodological approach for its documentation, recording elements along with an insightful context study, inclusive of its geographic, socio-political aspects. The research process highlights the priority elements in preservation. Besides literature review and archival research, physical documentation and ethnographic documentation are prominent methods used, with triangulation outlining in-depth understanding of attached values. The method and results highlight the significance of the role of indigenous community actively involved in preservation as a key to its sustenance in the past, present and future.

The Commodification of Marriage: A Marxist Critique of Soniah Kamal’s Unmarriageable

Nimra Nawaz, Fatima Hassan — Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The present paper highlights how the commodification of marriage has emerged as a significant social issue in Pakistan. It aims to explore how individuals are reduced to mere commodities and how the institution of marriage gets commodified. The present paper adopts a qualitative and analytical approach and employs Lois Tyson’s Marxist critique to examine the commodification of human relationships and the institution of marriage within contemporary Pakistani society, as depicted in Soniah Kamal’s Unmarriageable (2019). This transformation is largely attributed to the pervasive influence of capitalist ideology, alongside values such as materialism and consumerism, which are deeply embedded in Pakistani culture and society. In light of the findings, the present paper calls for a critical examination of societal norms and stereotypes associated with marriage, urging a process of unlearning and re-learning the ideologies and practices that commodify and dehumanize individuals within the institution of marriage.

Socio-Cultural Barriers and Diagnostic Challenges of Dyslexia in Pakistan

Muhammad Maahin, Dr. Kiran Ikram, Dr. Inam Ul Haq — Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study aims to explore the socio-cultural barriers to dyslexia diagnosis and treatment in Pakistan. Dyslexia, a common learning difficulty that affects reading, writing, and language processing, impacts approximately 5–10% of the global population. While early diagnosis and intervention are common in developed countries, Pakistan lacks awareness, screening protocols, and support for affected children. Using purposive sampling, 10 doctors from various medical fields were interviewed. Findings revealed a lack of recognition of dyslexia as a medical issue, strong stigma around learning difficulties, and a tendency to label affected children as lazy or undisciplined. Doctors often miss the chance to intervene not due to lack of expertise, but because families rarely raise the concern. The study recommends community-level awareness campaigns, medical training focused on culturally sensitive communication, and creating safe spaces for families to seek help. Bridging these gaps can lead to timely support for children with dyslexia and improved educational outcomes.

Aesthetic Study of Formalism in Modern Western and Pakistani Painting

Dr. Sidra Liaqat — Sun, 12 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Formalism is a modern artistic approach that prioritizes the visual elements of an artwork over the historical, conventional, or narrative context. The research article aims to examine the evolution of formalist approach in modern Western painting, in addition to analyzing its significant influence on Pakistani art. The theory of formalism originated in association with modern Western art, which emphasized the aesthetic structure of an artwork as a principal component. Thereafter, Pakistani painting shows formalist tendencies reflecting intervention of the modern West. In the light of foundational theories regarding formalism presented by Western art critics and theorists, this research delves into aesthetic study and qualitative analysis of paintings by Western and Pakistani artists. Research findings underscore the significance of modern influences that have contributed towards the development of Pakistani painting. With a chief focus on formal aesthetics, Western artists pursue pure abstraction, while Pakistani painters explore cultural identity. A holistic comprehension of formalism in painting offers a profound insight into this distinct artistic expression while situating Pakistani painting within global modern art. The research opens avenues for further research on formalist theories and their application within new media practices.

Impact of Instagram Fitness Influencers on Exercise and Dietary Habits of Female University Students: A Case Study of Instagram

Saadia Qamar, Ammara Khan, Dr. Imran Muslim — Sun, 12 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This quantitative study explores the influence of Instagram fitness influencers on exercise and nutrition behaviours among female university students, with Uses and Gratifications Theory as the theoretical framework. Simple random sampling technique was used, and a survey was administered to 392 students at two women-only universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Results indicate that Instagram fitness influencers significantly influenced students’ knowledge of fitness and nutrition, motivation to change their workout, and use of dietary tips. Social interactions, such as peer testimonials, provided additional motivation. Collectively, the results seemed to suggest that social media is considered a credible source for health advice and support, however, there are some concerns regarding body image for young women.

Maternal and Child Health Care Malpractices in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study of Mothers’ Experiences

Dr. Anam Afzal, Dr. Farhana Nosheen, Qura-tul-ain — Sun, 12 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In Pakistan, despite several interventions and strategies, the rate of maternal and neonatal mortality remains high. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there are few studies on maternal and child health care. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mother and child health care social and cultural malpractices in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A qualitative research was conducted with four focus group discussions (FGD) with 40 mothers was conducted purposively. Data were analyzed deductively by using the thematic analysis. This study results shows that child-mother healthcare malpractices were common in Pakistan. This study suggested that there is an immediate need to attention to traditional childbirth and newborn care practices like breastfeeding and nutrition, poor health seeking behaviors of families, and poor access to health care dunging pregnancy.

From Stress to Strength: Exploring the Power of Social Support in Building Student Resilience

Nazia Yaqoob, Dr. Tanveer Kouser — Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The current study intends to explore the effect of Social support on resilience in undergraduate university students. The study was causal comparative quantitative method. The population of the study was undergraduate students of public and private universities in Lahore district. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the sample 677 of the study. A questionnaire was based on five point Likert scale to collect responses from undergraduate university students regarding the social support and resilience. Linear regression was used to find out the effect of social support on resilience. The t test was used for the comparison of public and private university students’ perception regarding social support and resilience. ANOVA was used for the comparison of students’ perception of different semesters regarding social support and resilience. The data indicated that social support has significant effect on resilience. There is a relationship among social support and resilience among university students at undergraduate level Public institutions may prioritize resource allocation for student support services, counselling centres, and mentorship opportunities.

The Socio-Economic Matrix of Marriage: An Empirical Study of Delay in Marriage Patterns in Punjab

Faheem Akhtar, Prof. Dr. Ra’ana Malik — Wed, 15 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study identifies the key socioeconomic and cultural factors causing marriage delays among 2,750 unmarried individuals aged 32-50 in Lahore, Punjab. In Punjab, Pakistan, marriage is a fundamental social institution. However, the process of matrimony is increasingly constrained by financial pressures and educational pursuits, leading to a trend of delayed marriages. A quantitative research design was employed. Data was collected from 2,750 unmarried individuals using a survey and analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Financial factors like income instability, unemployment, housing costs, and dowry explain 19% of the variance in marriage delays. Education and career focus account for an additional 9%. Gender norms, family expectations, and urban-rural divides are also significant determinants, reflecting a blend of structural and individual influences. Policy measures should include creating jobs, providing affordable housing, and regulating the dowry system. Furthermore, implementing life-course counseling and work-friendly family policies can help reduce economic and social stresses leading to marriage delays.

Economic Sanctions, Resistance Economies and Authoritarian Adaptation: A Comparative Study of Iran’s Resilience from Rouhani to Raisi

Azam Faiz, Muhammad Shoaib Jamil — Mon, 20 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article examines the reasons why, contrary to the expectations of many, the international sanctions were of benefit to the authoritarian regime of Iran, under President Hassan Rouhani. It draws upon a close reading of official speeches, policy documents, and other reports in order to establish that despite the fact that sanctions worsened the economy the sanctions did not drive the country into greater liberty. The elite was secure due to strong friends and employment and could continue the running of the government by changing the trade partners of the country. The research concludes that the only way of strengthening the authoritarian regime and harming common citizens is through broad, non-targeted sanctions. Sanctions must target particular malpractices, collaborate with other nations, and be accompanied by diplomatic assistance and invitations to civil organizations to prevent empowering hard-liner leaders in the future.

Electoral Politics and Governance under the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PMLN): Implications for Political Development, 2013–2018

Javed Iqbal, Dr. Sajida Begum — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study examines how the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz’s 2013–2018 governance affected Pakistan’s democratic consolidation, focusing on federal institutional reforms, civil-military relations, and accountability. The 2013 election marked the first civilian-to- civilian transition, testing whether democracy could deepen amid a history of military dominance. Using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, data from official records, manifestos, and legislative documents were analyzed across six governance indicators. The PML-N advanced economic growth and CPEC energy projects, but weak parliamentary oversight and rapid approval of the 21st Amendment exposed fragile accountability. Civil- military frictions and the Panama Papers verdict further undermined institutional stability. While democratic continuity endured, liberal-institutional quality declined, as reflected in a drop in Voice & Accountability scores. Strengthening pre-legislative scrutiny, depoliticizing judicial appointments, enforcing transparent campaign finance, and ensuring civilian oversight of defence allocations are vital for deepening democratic consolidation.

Linguistic Construction of Forced Optimism A Transitivity-Based Study of Toxic Positivity in Dr. Quratulain Bakhteari’s TED Talk

Muhammad Shafqat Nawaz, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Qasim — Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study aimed to investigate the transitivity patterns in the TED Talk by Dr. Quratulain Bakhteari. The study also aimed to explicate how the linguistic choices contribute to the construal of toxic positivity in the feminist discourse. Based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics, especially the transitivity model (Halliday, 1994), the study employed a mixed- method design. The study employed a quantitative frequency analysis of the types of processes. Then, the roles of various processes and participants were explained qualitatively to interpret their discursive meanings. Analysis showed that there was a prevalence of material and relational processes, whereas the mental processes acted as mediators that converted the emotional experiences into cognitive and moral solutions. The participants, like I, and pain were central in creating a self that was seen as active and strong, but one which was not emotional. The results are valuable to discourse and gender researchers since they show how the linguistic constructions could normalize the endurance of emotion and self-control in the name of empowerment and provide an insight into how feminist rhetoric could reproduce the nuances of toxic positivity

Driving Forces of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy towards China: An Analytical Study

Aisha Sadiqa Khakwani, Dr. Adeel Irfan — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This paper focuses on the driving forces that have influenced the Pakistan’s foreign policy since the early post-independence years to the modern times with special reference to its strategic relations with China, the United States and the relationship with the neighbours in South and Central Asia. The foreign policy of Pakistan has traditionally been developed with the impact of active regional and international changes and is the demonstration of interrelation between security needs, economic interdependence and domestic political frameworks. Through analytical and historical approach, the paper brings together data of diplomatic archives, government documents and scholarly literature through the identification of patterns and continuities over decades. The results indicate that national security issues, in particular, the long-term rivalry with India is the most stable factor of the foreign policy orientation of Pakistan. At the same time, there has been an increase in economic incentives, including the right to foreign aid, diversification of trade, and investment in infrastructure, especially the introduction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The internal politics and civil-military relations, leadership changes, and the popular preferences also affect the priorities of policies and foreign alliances. The paper highlights the fact that the foreign policy of Pakistan is slowly shifting to a security-based paradigm to a more geo-economic model, which focuses on connectivity, regionalism and sustainable development. However, endemic difficulties, financial inconstancy, governance flaws and unstable regional contexts, still limit policy performances. It finds that an adaptive and balanced foreign policy based on economic resilience and institutional coherence is essential to protect the sovereignty of Pakistan and ensure the greatest strategic utility of this nation in an increasingly multipolar world system.