The Family as Care Unit: Exploring the Psychological and Cultural Dimensions of Mental Illness Care in Pakistan

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of family caregivers providing long-term care to mentally ill relatives within a Pakistani sociocultural framework. Mental illness is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability, with approximately 57.8 million adults currently affected. In low-resource contexts like Pakistan, the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care has transferred caregiving responsibilities to families, often without adequate support or training. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 12 purposively selected caregivers. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: Psychosocial Affliction, Coping Tactics, Blaming the Mentally Ill, and Embracing Reality. Caregivers reported emotional exhaustion, social isolation, and stigma, yet many adapted through religious coping and meaning-making. Some expressed culturally embedded attributions of blame. The findings highlight the urgent need for culturally sensitive caregiver support systems and mental health education. The study’s scope was limited by sample size and regional focus.