The Right to Breastfeeding: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic Law, International Human Rights, and the Pakistani Legal Framework

Abstract

The infant has no external source of enforcement for his feeding rights except his parents. This review synthesises research on "breastfeeding rights in Islamic law and international human rights and Pakistani law with a focus on legal obligations of the state, individual rights of the mother and child" to address gaps in understanding the interplay between religious doctrines and legal frameworks influencing breastfeeding practices. A systematic selection of Islamic principles, domestic laws, and international human rights contexts was analysed using comparative legal frameworks. Findings reveal comprehensive state duties under Islamic and international law to protect breastfeeding, yet empirical evidence on enforcement remains limited. These findings converge to demonstrate the complex interdependence of legal and religious dimensions shaping breastfeeding rights. The review underscores the need for integrated legal reforms, culturally sensitive policies, and enhanced state accountability to reconcile state laws with international human rights, Islamic principles and public health objectives.