Socio-Cultural Barriers and Diagnostic Challenges of Dyslexia in Pakistan

Abstract

This study aims to explore the socio-cultural barriers to dyslexia diagnosis and treatment in Pakistan. Dyslexia, a common learning difficulty that affects reading, writing, and language processing, impacts approximately 5–10% of the global population. While early diagnosis and intervention are common in developed countries, Pakistan lacks awareness, screening protocols, and support for affected children. Using purposive sampling, 10 doctors from various medical fields were interviewed. Findings revealed a lack of recognition of dyslexia as a medical issue, strong stigma around learning difficulties, and a tendency to label affected children as lazy or undisciplined. Doctors often miss the chance to intervene not due to lack of expertise, but because families rarely raise the concern. The study recommends community-level awareness campaigns, medical training focused on culturally sensitive communication, and creating safe spaces for families to seek help. Bridging these gaps can lead to timely support for children with dyslexia and improved educational outcomes.