Climate Change as a Global Challenge: Implications for SDG 13

Abstract

Climate change has become a major global development challenge with serious effects on the environment, economy, agriculture, public health and social stability. This study examines the worldwide impacts of climate change within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 13. The study uses a qualitative method and relies on both primary and secondary sources. Primary data include official organizational reports, while secondary sources include books, journal articles, newspaper articles and institutional publications. The study finds that climate change has increased global temperatures, glacier melt, sea-level rise and extreme weather events. These changes have damaged ecosystems, reduced agricultural output, threatened food and water security and increased health risks. The research also highlights economic losses, migration, displacement and social inequality, especially in vulnerable and low-income regions. The study identifies greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation and fossil fuel dependence as major causes of modern climate change. It concludes that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a serious challenge to sustainable development. The study recommends renewable energy, reforestation, climate education, environmental protection and international cooperation as key responses.