Global Power Politics and Developing Countries: Examining Dependency, Foreign Influence, and National Sovereignty

Abstract

This study examines the impact of global power politics on developing countries, with particular emphasis on economic dependency, political influence, and challenges to national sovereignty. The research investigates how major powers shape the political, economic, and strategic environments of developing states through foreign aid, loans, trade agreements, military cooperation, and diplomatic engagement. Drawing upon Dependency Theory and contemporary debates in international relations, the study explores the ways in which unequal power relations influence policy-making and development outcomes in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. A qualitative research methodology is employed, relying on secondary sources including academic literature, policy reports, government publications, and case studies. The findings reveal that powerful states and international institutions often exercise influence through economic assistance, debt arrangements, strategic partnerships, and technological dependence, which can limit the policy autonomy of developing countries. While foreign engagement may contribute to infrastructure development, investment, and technological advancement, excessive dependence can undermine sovereignty, increase debt burdens, and constrain sustainable development. The study concludes that developing countries can reduce vulnerability to external influence by strengthening domestic institutions, promoting economic diversification, enhancing regional cooperation, and pursuing balanced foreign policies. These measures are essential for achieving sustainable development, protecting national interests, and increasing resilience within an increasingly competitive global political order.