Climate Justice and Socioeconomic Inequalities among Flood Victims in Lahore

Abstract

This study explores the link between climate justice and socio-economic inequalities through the experiences of the communities affected by the floods in Lahore, Pakistan. The study also examines how class, gender, and location shape people’s vulnerability, impact, and recovery. Pakistan contributes a very low percentage in global carbon emission, yet it is highly affected by climate change particularly by flood. This study used qualitative approach to collect data from the residents of Lahore. The participants were 16 residents (8 men and 8 women) who have been affected by flooding, using purposive sampling of residents who are from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds and lived in both informal settlements near drains and planned gated communities. Each participant was interviewed individually, through an interview guide. Findings of the study showed that floods affect people differently based on their income, class, household locations. However, people from upper strata, and higher income are less affected. The study also highlights gender inequalities, with women facing increased responsibilities, health risks, and limited decision-making power, whereas men deal mainly with financial pressure. Moreover, post flood relief distribution also remains unequal and influenced by connections and documentation, leaving many vulnerable groups unsupported. Overall, the study shows that floods in Lahore are not just natural events but are shaped by social inequalities and governance issues. It suggests that there is a need for long-term, inclusive, and equitable strategies to address climate risks and support vulnerable communities. It is important to ensure gender-sensitive disaster management through gender participation in planning and decision-making process.