The Role of Right-Wing Political Parties in Politics of Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

This study explores the role of right-wing political parties in Pakistan, their influence on the nation's political and cultural landscape, and the challenges they face in the modern socio-political context. Right-wing political parties in Pakistan have played a significant role in promoting conservative, religious, and nationalist ideals, shaping the country's identity as an Islamic state. They have influenced the constitution, legislative and cultural policies, and social and foreign policies. However, as the country's socio-political landscape evolves, these parties face growing challenges, including internal ideological divides, competition with radical factions, civil-military relations pressures, and global scrutiny of religious extremism. In this study, qualitative, historical, analyzing, and exploratory approach was used to examine the historical contributions of right-wing parties, their ideological shifts, and key policy decisions, providing a comprehensive understanding of their ability to maintain influence amidst emerging political and social pressures. The study reveals that right-wing parties in Pakistan have effectively shaped the country's policies based on religious values, national sovereignty, and conservative socio-economic principles, particularly in incorporating Islamic values and resisting Western influence. However, these parties face challenges such as ideological competition, economic constraints, and the need to appeal to a diverse voter base, as well as civil-military tensions limiting their policy autonomy in foreign policy and national security. Right-wing parties in Pakistan should adopt a balanced approach, combining conservative values with economic and social reforms. Moderate stances on social justice and international engagement could appeal to a wider constituency. Addressing educational reforms that integrate modern subjects with religious education could mitigate extremism criticisms and provide a balanced policy agenda. These adaptations could help sustain ideological foundations while appealing to diverse voter demographics, fostering a stable and inclusive political environment.