Development and Validation of Patriarchal Beliefs Scale in Pakistani Culture

Abstract

Present research aimed to develop and validate a conceptually and psychometrically reliable and culturally relevant measure for patriarchal beliefs in Pakistani Culture. Patriarchy imposes preconceptions of male and female behavior, which reinforces the unequal power differences between men and women by giving more importance to men. The items were generated based on literature review and themes that emerged from the interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with experts. The scale was administered on the sample from general population (18-70 years) from all over the Pakistan using convenient sampling. Principal component factor analyses were carried out for scale development. For the final form of the scale, items with factor loadings >.30 on the initial factors for PBS were chosen. Before performing factor analysis, various tests were used to ensure that the data were suitable. Three factors were extracted based on promax rotation. CFA was performed to confirm the factor Structure Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. Scale was finalized with 37 items comprising 3 factors.